#Basic noun phrases


#This document is organised into the following sections:

#Simple common nouns
#Demonstratives with nouns
#Possessive NP
#Possessive clitics/definite marker
#Possessive clitic with NP possessor
#Possessor and demonstrative
#Possessor with clitic
#Adjunct PP
#Multiword noun
#Title and name
#Proper name and demonstrative
#Name with title and demonstrative
#Prepositional modifiers, with names and multiwords


#simple common noun

#1

DP: buku

#book
#the book

#proper name

#2

DP: Hasan

#Hasan
#Hasan

#Demonstrative with Noun

#Demonstratives always follow a head noun.


#3

DP: buku itu

#book that
#that book

#If a demonstrative is placed before a head noun it will form a clause.

#4

DP: Itu buku

#that book
#that is a book

#see also examples in the non-verbal clauses file (file 15).


#demonstrative can also stand alone

#5

DP: itu

#that
#that

#6

DP: Ini

#that
#that


#possessive NP.

#Possessors always follow the possessum. 

#7

DP: gedung sekolah

#building school
#school building

#Ungrammatical:

#8

DP: sekolah gedung (0! 0 0 0)

#school building
#school building

#There is no morphological marking in this constructions. There are,
#however possessive clitics for third person, first and second person
#singular.

#possessive clitic/definite marker.  

#9

DP: rumahnya

#house-3POSS
#His/her/its house

#10

DP: rumahku

#house-1SG.POSS
#my house

#11

DP: rumahmu

#house-2SG.POSS
#your house


#NP possessor can follow possesive clitics.

#possessive clitic plus NP possessor (ditto)

#12

DP: mobilnya guru

#car-3POSS teacher
#the teacher's car (a special type of car for teachers)
#the car that belongs to the teacher.


#It seems that nya does not necessarily corefer with the 
#possessor's number. Thus, we could have both singular as in 12
#and plural as the following example illustrates:

#13

DP: mobilnya guru-guru

#car-3POSS teacher-REDUP
#the teachers's car (a special type of car for teachers)
#the car that belongs to the teachers.



#When a possessive phrase is combined with a demonstrative, 
#the demonstrative will follow the possessive phrase. 

#14

DP: rumah guru itu

#house teacher that
#that teacher's house


#The position of the demonstrative after the possessor also applies
#to free pronoun possessors.

#possessor and demonstratives

#15

DP: lonceng saya itu

#bell 1SG that
#my bell is that

#possessor possessed by 3p pronoun

#when the demonstrative is placed before the possessive phrase
#it changes the construction into a predicate nominal. 


#16

DP: ini buku saya

#this book 1SG
#this is my book

#See also examples 4, 29, and 30.


#17

DP: tas guru dia

#bag teacher 3SG
#his teacher's bag


#possessor with clitics nya, ku, mu

#18

DP: mobil gurunya

#car teacher.3POSS
#his/her teacher's car

#Note that when nya (3POSS) is placed after mobil 'car'  the meaning is
#changed as already shown in (12)

#19

DP: mobil guruku

#car teacher.1SG.POSS
#my teacher's car

#20

DP: mobil gurumu

#car teacher.2SG.POSS
#your teacher's car

#When there is a full NP possessor, ku (1SG.POSS) and mu (2SG.POSS) cannot 
#be placed immediately after a possessum.


#Ungrammatical:

#21

DP: mobilku guru  (0! 0 0 0)

#car-1SG.POSS teacher
#my teacher's car


#Ungrammatical:

#22

DP: mobilmu guru   (0! 0 0 0)

#car-2SG.POSS teacher
#your teacher's car

#adjunct PP

#23

DP: surat dari universitas

# letter from university
# a letter from the university


# multiword Noun


#24

DP: kantor pusat

#office centre
#central office


#title+name

#25

DP: Tuan Nasution

#Mr Nasution
#Mr Nasution


#title without a name

#26

DP: Tuan

#Mr
#Mr


#Proper names can be followed by demonstratives.


#27

DP: Nasution ini

#Nasution this
#this Nasution


#name with title + demonstratives

#28

DP: Bapak Nasution ini

#sir Nasution this 
#This Mr Nasution

#Similar to example 16, when a demonstrative is placed before a proper 
#name it will form a predicate nominal construction.

#29

DP: Ini Nasution  

#this  Nasutiom
#this is Nasution


#30

DP: Ini Bapak Nasution 

# this sir Nasution  
#This is Mr Nasution


#two prepositional modifiers, with names and multiwords

#31

DP: surat dari kantor pusat dari Saudara Nasution

#letter from office central from brother Nasution
#a letter from brother Nasution from the central office