#Specific questions with mana, di mana, ke mana, dari mana,
#bagaimana, bilamana, kapan and Indirect Questions


#This document is organised into the following sections:

#Mana
#Di mana
#Ke mana
#Dari mana
#Bagaimana
#Bilamana and kapan
#Indirect questions


#Mana

#Mana can be used to ask different kinds of questions.
#It means 'what', 'which', 'where','why' or 'how'
#depending on context and accompanying terms.


#Mana is an informal variant of di mana.


#1

Mana Dodanu?

#Where Dodanu?
#Where is Dodanu?


#2

Mana buku saya?

#where book 1SG?
#Where is my book?


#Relative pronoun which, which one,(an informal variant of yang mana
#'which one')


#3

Kamu boleh pilih mana yang kamu suka

#2SG may choose where REL 2SG like
#You may choose which one you like


#Mana is used as a modifier meaning 'which'
#(when we are asking about a place)


#4

Anakmu tinggal di kota mana?

#child-2SG.POSS live in town where?
#What town does your child live in? 

#5

Toko mana yang menjual peralatan komputer?

#shop where REL MEN-sell PER-tool-AN computer?
#Which shop sells computer equipment?



#Di mana 

#Interrogative where?

#Before the spelling reform in 1972 di mana was written as a
#single word dimana. Many Indonesians, however, still write
#di mana as a single word.
 
#Interrogative where? Di mana is used to ask questions that 
#expect an answer using di (at, in, on).


#6

Di mana kampung Arkuki?

#at where village Arkuki?
#Where is Arkuki village?


#7

Kampung Arkuki di mana?

#Village Arkuki at where?
#Where is Arkuki village?

#Answer:

#8

Di kelurahan Sanggeng

#In sub-district Sanggeng
#In Sanggeng sub-district


#Di mana can occur at the beginning or at the end of the sentence.
#Quinn (1994:668) notes that the position of di mana at the beginning of
#the sentence is common in Sumatra, whereas in Java the position of
#di mana at the end of sentence is preferred.


#Relative pronoun where


#9

Kami tidak tahu di mana dia dibunuh

#3PL.EXCL NEG know  at where 3SG DI-kill
#We did not know where he was killed



#Ke mana

#Interrogative where (to)?
#Ke mana is used when we are asking about where someone
#or something is heading.

#10

Ke mana mereka pergi?

#To where 3PL go?
#Where do they go?


#11

Mereka pergi ke mana?

#3PL go to where?
#Where do they go?


#Relative pronoun where (implying movement towards something).

#12

Pak Guru bertanya ke mana anak itu pergi

#Sir teacher BER-ask to where child that go
#The teacher asked where the child went to



Dari mana

#Interrogative where (from).

#13

Mereka dari mana?

#3PL from where?
#Where are they from?



#Bagaimana

#Interrogative what.

#Bagaimana is used to ask what is someone/something like,
#what are the characteristics or features of someone or
#something, and What kind of a state is someone or something in.


#14

Bagaimana cuaca hari ini?

#what weather day this?
#How is the weather today?


#15


Bagaimana kondisi kesehatan Pak Bupati?


#What condition ke-well.being-AN sir regent?
#What is the condition of the regent's health?



#16

Bagaimana sekarang?

#What now?
#What do we do now?


#Bagaimana is also used to ask how is something done,
#how do you go about doing something.

#17

Bagaimana cara kamu membuat kue ini?

#what way 2SG MEN-make cake this?
#How do you make this cake?


#18

Bagaimana dia bisa membuka pintu pesawat itu?

#what 3SG can MEN-open door plane that?
#How could he open that plane door?


#Relative pronoun what, how. It often implies a question
#of some kind.


#19

Siswa-siswi saya tahu bagaimana cara mengerjakan soal-soal matematika

#student-REDUP 1SG know what way MEN-do-KAN question-REDUP mathematics
#My students know how to do mathematic questions.



#Bila mana and kapan 


#Bilamana 'when' and kapan 'when' function as adverb of time.


#20

Bilamana anda akan berangkat?

#when 2SG will leave?
#When will you leave?


#21

Kapan anda akan berangkat?

#when 2SG will leave?
#When will you leave?



#Certain questions such as bilamana or kapan 'when' and mengapa
#or kenapa 'why' are rarely placed at the end of a sentence.



#22

Mengapa dia datang terlambat?

#Why 3SG come TER-late?
#Why did he come late?



#Ungrammatical:

#23

Dia datang terlambat mengapa? (0! 0 0 0)

#3SG come TER-late why?
#Why did he come late?



#Colloquial:

#24

Dia datang terlambat kenapa?

#3SG come TER-late why?
#Why did he come late?


#25

Bilamana anda akan berangkat?

#when 2SG will leave?
#When will you leave?


#Ungrammatical:


#26

Anda akan berangkat bilamana? (0! 0 0 0)

#when 2SG will leave?
#When will you leave?


#With kapan 'when' it is possible to have it at the beginning and at the
#end of the sentence.


#27

Kapan anda akan berangkat?

#when 2SG will leave?
#When will you leave?


#28

Anda akan berangkat kapan?

#2SG will leave when?
#When will you leave?


#Indirect Questions

#A direct question can be altered into an indirect question by placing
#the question as the complement of a interrogative verb. Indirect question 
#can occur as object or complement of a verb. There is no inversion in the
#word-order of direct questions.



#29


Saya tahu siapa yang mengambil buku itu

#1SG know who REL MEN-take book that
#I knew who took the book


#30


Kami tidak tahu siapa namanya

#3PL NEG know who name-3SG.POSS
#We don't know what his/her name is



#31

Kami tidak tahu di mana dia dibunuh

#3PL.EXCL NEG know  at where 3SG DI-kill
#We did not know where he was killed


#32

Kamu boleh pilih mana yang kamu suka

#2SG may choose where REL 2SG like
#You may choose which one you like


#33

Saya tahu mengapa dia tidak senang

#1SG know why 3SG NEG happy
#I know why he is not happy


#34

Pak Guru bertanya ke mana anak itu pergi

#Sir teacher BER-ask to where child that go
#The teacher asked where the child went to


#35

Mereka tidak tahu apa yang mereka lakukan

#3PL NEG know what REL 3PL do
#They did not know what they did

#36

Dia tidak mendengar apa yang orangtuanya katakan

#3SG NEG MEN-listen what REL parents-3SG.POSS say-KAN
#He did not listen to what his parents said


#37

Siswa-siswi saya tahu bagaimana cara mengerjakan soal-soal matematika

#student-REDUP 1SG know what way MEN-do-KAN problem-REDUP mathematics
#My students know how to do mathematic problems.


#38

Saya lupa berapa yang absen.

#1SG forget how.many REL absent.
#I forgot how many who were absent.


#39

Saya mengerti kenapa dia kecewa

#1SG MEN-understand  why 3SG upset
#I understand why he is upset



#Indirect questions can be the subject in a passive clause.


#40

Siapa yang mencuri emas-emas itu akan ditangkap polisi

#who REL MEN-steal gold-REDUP that will DI-catch police
#Who stole those gold will be arrested by the police


#41

Apa yang kamu tulis sangat penting bagi kami

#what REL 2SG write very important for 1PL.EXCL
#What you wrote was very important for us



#Indirect yes-no question can function as object or complement or 
#subject in a passive clause


#42

Saya bertanya apakah mereka mahasiswa

#1SG BER-ask what 3PL student
#I asked whether they were students


#43

Dia ingin tahu apakah ini rumah Benny

#3SG want know Quest this house Benny
#He wanted to know if this is Benny's house


#44

Apakah dia bersalah atau tidak masih belum jelas bagi kami

#Quest 3SG BER-wrong or NEG still NEG clear for us
#Whether he is wrong or not is still not clear to us



#References:

#Dardjowidjojo,Soenjono, Sentence patterns of Indonesian,
#University Press of Hawaii, Honolulu, 1978.   

#Quinn, George. the Learner's Dictionary of Today's Indonesian, Allen and Unwin,
#2001 (pp. 668).

#Sneddon, James, N. INDONESIAN: A Comprehensive Grammar, Roudledge, London,
#1966 (pp. 310-314)