#Temporal adjuncts: days of the week and their parts 


#This document presents names of days of the week.


#Names of the days of the week:

#Minggu, Ahad 'Sunday'
#Senin 'Monday'
#Selasa 'Tuesday'
#Rabu 'Wednesday'
#Kamis 'Thursday'
#Jumat 'Friday'
#Saturday 'Sabtu'


#The names of the days follow hari 'day'.

#1

Hari Senin

#day Monday
#Monday

#2

Hari Sabtu

#day Saturday
#Saturday


#Parts of the day follow the names of the day.


#3

Hari Selasa pagi

#day Tuesday morning
#Tuesday morning


#4

Hari Jumat sore

#day Friday afternoon
#Friday afternon


#The word hari 'day' can be omitted.


#5

Jumat sore

#Friday afternoon
#Friday afternoon


#The order of the names of the days and parts of the day cannot be 
#reversed.



#Ungrammatical:


#6

Sore Jumat (0! 0 0 0)

#afternoon Friday

#Friday afternoon



#However, malam 'night' can precede or follow the names of the days.


#7

Jumat malam 

#Friday night
#Friday night


#8

malam Jumat

#night Friday
#Thursday night


#Notice that when malam precedes the names of the days it is translated as
#'preceding night (Example 8, the night before Friday)'.


#We can add hari to (7) but not to (8) as example (9) below illustrates.


#Ungrammatical:


#9

hari malam Jumat (0! 0 0 0)

#day night Friday
#Friday night


#Hari can precede names of religious days or national days.


#10

Hari Natal

#day Christmas
#Christmas


#12

Hari Pahlawan Nasional

#day hero national
#remembrance day


#13


Hari OlahRaga Nasional

#day sports national
#National sports day 


#Hari can be omitted from (10) but not from (10 AND (12).


#Ungrammatical:


#14

Pahlawan Nasional (0! 0 0 0)

#hero national
#remembrance day


#Time can be indicated by adjuncts of time such as setiap hari 'every day' 
#and tadi pagi 'this morning' (past) sebentar malam 'this evening' (FUT).


#15

Ibu pergi ke pasar setiap hari

#mother go to market every day
#mother goes to the market everyday


#16

Ibu pergi ke pasar tadi pagi

#mother go to market this morning
#mother went to the market this morning


#17

Ibu pergi ke pasar sebentar malam

#mother go to market this evening
#mother went to the market this evening


#Time markers can precede or follow parts of the day. 
#Tenty four hour time markers in Indonesian are:

#ini 'this'
#tadi 'this (past)'
#sebentar 'this (future)'
#nanti 'future'


#Ini 'this' can mean past, present or future within twenty four time.


#18

pagi ini

#morning this
#this morning 

#Now, present; when it is said at the time of speaking.
#Past: when it is said in the afternoon or 
#in the evening.


#19

siang ini

#noon this
#this noon

#Now, present; when it is said at the time of speaking.
#Past: when it is said in the afternoon or 
#in the evening.
#Future: when it is said in the morning.


#20

malam ini

#night this
#tonight

#Now, present; when it is said at the time of speaking.
#Future: when it is said in the morning.

#Tadi 'past', sebentar 'in a moment', nanti 'later' are obvious.
#They cannot mean now or the time when the utterance is made.


#21

tadi malam

#this night
#last night


#22

tadi sore

#this afternoon
#this afternoon


 
#Indonesians may also say:


#23

sore tadi

#afternoon this
#this afternoon

#The meaning is the same as (22).


#24

pagi tadi

#morning this
#this morning


#But Indonesians do not say (25):


#Ungrammatical:

#25

malam tadi (0! 0 0 0)

#night this
#last night


#26

sebentar malam

#this night
#tonight


#27

nanti sore

#this afternoon
#this afternoon


#Ungrammatical:


#28

malam sebentar (0! 0 0 0)

#night this
#tonight

#Sebentar cannot follow parts of the day.



#Time markers:


#setiap 'every'
#lalu 'ago'
#depan 'next'


#Setiap precedes names of the days.


#29

setiap hari Senin  

#every day Monday
#every Monday


#Lalu and depan follow names of the days.


#30

hari senin lalu

#day Monday past
#last Monday


#31

Kamis depan

#Thursday next
#next Thursday


#32


Minggu depan

#week next
#next week


#33

Hari Minggu depan

#day Sunday next
#next Sunday


#The word Minggu has two meanings 'Sunday' and 'week. The difference
#is Minggu 'Sunday' always begins with capital letter M and is preceded
#by hari 'day' whereas minggu 'week' cannot be preceded by hari 'day'.


#The order of setiap, lalu and depan cannot be reversed.


#Ungrammatical:

#34

hari Senin setiap (0! 0 0 0)

#day MOnday every
#every MOnday


#Ungrammatical:


#35

lalu hari senin (0! 0 0 0)

#past day Monday past
#last Monday


#Ungrammatical:


#36

depan hari Minggu (0! 0 0 0)

#next day Sunday  
#next Sunday