Tutorials Paper XII
Sociolinguistics
|
Reading list: Ager,
D. 1990. Sociolinguistics and Contemporary French. CUP. Cambridge.** Calvet, L-J. 1993. La Sociolinguistique.
PUF. Paris. Que sais-je? Fasold, R., 1984. The Sociolinguistics of Society. Blackwell.
Oxford. Fasold, Ralph W. 1990. The sociolinguistics of language.
Cambridge, USA : Blackwell, 1990. Labov, William. 2001. Principles of linguistic change.
Oxford, UK / Cambridge, USA : Blackwell, v. 2.
Social factors Romaine,
Suzanne. 2000. Language in society : an
introduction to sociolinguistics . Oxford / New York :
Oxford University Press. 2nd ed. Trudgill, P. 1983. Sociolinguistics, An Introduction to Language
and Society. Penguin. London. 2nd ed.** Sanders,
Carol (ed.). 1993. French Today: Language in its Social Context.
Cambridge University Press. Cambridge. Items marked with •• must be read; it is advised to read
at least a few of the others. |
A. Language and Gender
'La
question de la féminisation des titres est symbolique
et non linguistique.' (Lionel Jospin,
préface de Femme, j'écris
ton nom...). Discuss.
Required
reading: Femme, j'écris ton nom...
References:
Armstrong,
Nigel [et al.] (éditeurs).
2001. La langue française au féminin : le sexe et le genre affectent-ils la
variation linguistique? avec
la collaboration de Marielle Bruyninckx
; préface de Françoise Gadet.
Paris : L'Harmattan, 2001.
Femme,
j'écris ton nom... , Guide d'aide
à la féminisation des noms
de métiers, titres, grades et
fonctions (click here to read online)
Brick, Noelle & Clarissa Wilks. 1994. "Et
Dieu nomma la femme:
Observation sur la question de la féminisation
des noms d'agent et sur les désignations d'Edith Cresson dans la presse." Journal of French
Studies. 4: 235-9 (available online via Solo)
Brick, Noelle & Clarissa Wilks. 2002. "Les partis
politiques et la féminisation des noms de métier". Journal of French
Language Studies. 12. 1. p 43-54. (available online via Solo)
Fleischman,
Suzanne. 1997. "The Battle of Feminism and Bon Usage: Instituting Non sexist
Usage in French." French Review. 70.6: 834-844.
Houdebine, Anne-Marie. 1987. "Le Français
au féminin." La Linguistique.
23: 13-34.
Trudeau,
Danielle. 1988. "Changement social et changement linguistique:
la question du féminin." French Review.
62.1:77-87.
Yaguello, Marina. 1978. Les mots et les
femmes: Essai d'approche
socio-linguistique de la condition féminine. Paris: Payot.
Also
for a broader view on women and language, you can check out :
Aebischer, Verena. 1985. Les femmes et le langage. Paris: PUF.
Coates,
Jennifer (éd). 1998. Language and gender: a reader.
Oxford: Blackwell.
Coates,
Jennifer. 1993. Women, men and language: a sociolinguistic account of gender
differences in language. 2nd ed. London: Longman.
Crawford,
Mary. 1995. Talking difference: on gender and language. London: SAGE.
Graddol, David et Joan Swann. 1989. Gender
Voices. Oxford - New York: Blackwell.
Tannen, Deborah. 1990. You Just Don't Understand: Women and Men in
Conversation. New York: Morrow.
Tannen, Deborah. 1994. Gender and discourse. New York - Oxford:
Oxford University Press, 1994.
Wodak, Ruth. 1997. Gender and discourse. London: Sage.
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B. Standard and non standard
Explore
the notions of "standard" and "non standard" (with especial
attention to French). Do all linguists use these notions in the same way and is
there a conscensus as to whether "non standard
language" could and should be studied?
This
question can also be linked to a broader interrogation (see exam paper 2001):
Does the notion of a 'standard language' have any utility in sociolinguistics?
References:
Ager, D. 1990. Sociolinguistics and Contemporary French.
Cambridge: CUP.
Battye,
Adrian and Marie-Anne Hintze and Paul Rowlett. The
French language today: a linguistic introduction. 2nd ed. London: Routledge, 2000. Previous ed.: 1992, p 284-310.
Blanche-Benveniste, C. 1997. Approches
de la langtue parlée,
Paris: Ophrys.
Blanche-Benveniste, C. and others
(1990). Le Français parlé; études grammaticales, Paris: éditions du CNRS.
Gadet, F. 1989. Le Français
ordinaire, Paris: Colin.
Gadet, F. 1993. Le Français
populaire, Paris: PUF.
Lodge,
R. A. French from Dialect to Standard. London: Routledge.
Chapter 8.
Lodge, R. A. and others. 1997. Exploring the French Language. London:
Arnold. See pp 22-29.
Martinet, A. 1974. Le Français sans fard, 2'd edn, Paris: PUF.
Paris
Müller, B. 1985. Le français d'aujourd'hui. Paris: Klincksieck.
Lambrecht, Knud. 1981. Topic, antitopic, and verb agreement in non-standard French. Amsterdam : Philadelphia, Pa : J. Benjamins.
See Introduction.
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C. Diglossia
What
is meant by 'diglossia', and how can diglossia inform our understanding of multilingualism more
generally?
Required
reading: Fasold 1984. pp 34-60
A
related question which could be mentionned
in the essay: Is the notion of diglossia relevant for
French? (See Lodge 1993 and Lodge and others).
References:
Fasold, R., 1984. The
Sociolinguistics of Society. Oxford: Blackwell.
Ferguson, C. A., 1959. 'Diglossia'. Word, 15: 325-40.
Reprinted in P. P. Giglioli (ed.), Language and
Social Context, 1972. Harmondsworth: Penguin.
Fishman,
J., 1967.'Bilingualism with and without diglossia,
diglossia with and without bilingualism'. Journal
of Social Issues, 32: 29-38.
Haugen, E., 1966. 'Dialect, language, nation'. Repr. in J. B. Pride and J.
Holmes, Sociolinguistics, 1972, Harmondsworth:
Penguin.
Lodge,
A., 1993. French . From Dialect
to Standard. Routledge. London.
Lodge, R. A. and others. 1997. Exploring the French Language. London:
Arnold. See pp 22-29.
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D. Language and Gender
Is it relevant to speak of
"women's language" and what does it mean? Discuss these point based
on at least two different books.
References:
Aebischer, Verena. 1985. Les femmes et le langage. Paris: PUF.
Aebischer, Verena
& Claire Forel (eds). 1983. Parlers
masculins, parlers féminins? Neuchâtel : Delachaux et Niestlé.
Bailly,
Sophie, Les Hommes, les Femmes et la
Communication. Mais que vient
faire le sexe dans la
langue? L'Harmattan. 2009.
Cameron,
Deborah (ed.). 1998. The Feminist Critique of Language: A Reader.
London: Routledge.
Cameron,
Deborah. 1992. Feminism and linguistic theory. Basingstoke: Macmillan.
Coates,
Jennifer (éd). 1998. Language and gender: a reader.
Oxford: Blackwell.
Coates,
Jennifer. 1993. Women, men and language: a sociolinguistic account of gender
differences in language. 2nd ed. London: Longman.
Crawford,
Mary. 1995. Talking difference: on gender and language. London: SAGE.
Graddol,
David et Joan Swann. 1989. Gender Voices.
Oxford - New York: Blackwell.**
Kramarae,
Cheris. 1981. Women and men speaking: frameworks
for analysis. Rowley, Mass.: Newbury House.
Mc
Connell-Ginet, Sally et al. 1980. Women
and Language in Literature and Society. New York: Praeger.
Mills,
Sara (éd.). 1995. Language and gender:
interdisciplinary perspectives. Harlow: Longman.
Philips,
Susan U., Susan Steele et Christine Tanz, eds. 1987. Language,
Gender and Sex in Comparative Perspective. Cambridge - New York: Cambridge
Univ. Press.
Romaine, Suzanne. 1999. Communicating gender. Mahwah, N.J. - London:
Lawrence Erlbaum.
Roman,
Camille. Juhasz, Suzanne & Cristanne Miller.
1994. The women and language debate: a sourcebook. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers
University Press.
Tannen,
Deborah. 1990. You Just Don't Understand: Women and Men in Conversation.
New York: Morrow.
Tannen,
Deborah. 1994. Gender and discourse. New York - Oxford: Oxford
University Press, 1994.
Wodak,
Ruth. 1997. Gender and discourse. London: Sage.
Yaguello,
Marina. 1978. Les mots et les femmes: Essai d'approche socio-linguistique de la condition féminine.
Paris: Payot.
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E. Sociolinguistics and
Data
Discuss some of the problems
posed by the collection and interpretation of data for sociolinguistic
analysis. Give concrete examples based on existing sociolinguistics studies
(especially in French).
Theory and Examples of studies in various languages.
Ayres-Bennett, W. and J. Carruthers
with R. Temple.
2001. Studies in the Modern French Language: Problems and Perspectives.
Longman. London. See § on variationists approach in
introduction.
Coupland,
N. and A. Jaworski. Sociolinguistics. A Reader
and Coursework. Macmillan Press. London. Part II Methods for studying language
in Society. p. 69-162.
Labov,
William. Sociolinguistic patterns. Oxford :
Basil Blackwell, 1978, c1972
Milroy,
Lesley. Observing and analysing natural language : a
critical account of sociolinguistic method Oxford : Basil Blackwell, 1987.
Examples
of studies in French (not an exhaustive list)
Ashby, W. J. 1988. 'The Syntax, Pragmatics, and Sociolinguistics of Left- and
Right-Dislocations in French'. Lingua. 75, p 203-29.
Ashby,
W.J. 2001. "Un nouveau regard sur la chute du ne
en français parlé tourangeau: s'agit-il d'un changement en cours?". Journal of French
Language Studies. 11:1-22. (available online
via Solo)
Ayres-Bennett, Wendy. 2002. "Socio-historical
linguistics and the history of French". Journal
of French Language Studies. 11. 2. p
159-178. (available online via Solo)
Carruthers, J. 1999. "A Problem in Sociolinguistic Methodology:
Investigating a Rare Syntactic Form". Journal of French Language
Studies 9:1. p 1-24. (available
online via Solo)
Coveney,
A. (1996). Variability in Spoken French: A Sociolinguistic Study of
interrogation and Negation, Exeter: Elm Bank.
Gardner-Chloros, Penelope. 1997. "Code-switching: language
selection in three Strasbourg Department stores". In Coupland,
N. and A. Jaworski. Sociolinguistics. A Reader and
Coursework. Macmillan Press. London. p. 361.
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F. Dialects
What empirical and theoretical
problems arise in identifying the boundaries between dialects?
G. Language Change
What can we learn about
language change from the study of sociolinguistic variation?
H. Language Change
Explain what is meant by
'change from above' and 'change from below' within the sociolinguistic study of
language change. Illustrate your answer with examples from French.
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