Complete the following tasks related to understanding the vascular and CSF / ventricular systems of the brain.
1. Summarize the general rules underlying the anatomy of the arterial blood supply to the brain (sources of blood, areas of supply, anastomoses etc).
a. Which blood vessels supply the cerebellum?
b. Which blood vessels supply the internal capsule?
2. Give a list of factors that might regulate arterial blood flow in the CNS circulation
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Factor |
Action and evidence supporting |
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3. How might a doctor intervene to regulate CNS blood flow in a head injured patient and why might he / she wish to do so?
4. What is an aneurysm and where are they most commonly found in the CNS circulation?
5. What do we know of the causes of aneurysms? Is there a genetic role?
6. How are aneurysms of the CNS circulation treated?
7. What symptoms might result from unilateral occlusion of each of the main cerebral arteries (anterior, middle and posterior)?
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Vessel |
Symptoms |
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Anterior cerebral
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Middle cerebral
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Posterior cerebral
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8. Define the term stroke. What do you understand by the terms haemorrhagic and thrombotic strokes?
9. What do you understand by “brainstem stroke syndrome”?
10. What is the function of CSF and where does it originate from? What is the cellular basis of its production?
11. What is hydrocephalus?
12. What do you understand by the terms communicating and non-communicating hydrocephalus? What sorts of pathologies lead to the different types of hydrocephalus?
13. How would hydrocephalus be treated in an emergency?
1. Mechanisms of CSF secretion by choroid plexus. Microscopy research and technique, 2001, 52, 49-59 http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/abstract/76504948/START
2. Microscopy research and technique, January 2001: special issue on choroid plexus at http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/issuetoc?ID=76504942
3. Glial cell influence on the human blood brain barrier. Glia 2001, 36, 145-155 http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/85514458/FILE?TPL=ftx_start
4. Molecular physiology and pathophysiology of tight junctions in the blood brain barrier. Trends in Neurosciences, 2001, 24, 719-725 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T0V-44FBS07-10&_user=126524&_coverDate=12%2F01%2F2001&_alid=61553576&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_qd=1&_cdi=4872&_sort=d&_acct=C000010360&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=126524&md5=726b3d0b2d60db3d9757a8ad9bf242c0
5. Barrier mechanisms in the brain, I. Adult brain. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology, 1999, 26, 11 http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/servlet/useragent?func=synergy&synergyAction=showFullText&doi=10.1046/j.1440-1681.1999.02986.x
6. Neuronal messengers in the human cerebral circulation. Peptides 2001, 22, 995-1007 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T0M-435CS5H-M&_user=126524&_coverDate=06%2F30%2F2001&_alid=61553217&_rdoc=1&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_qd=1&_cdi=4866&_sort=d&_acct=C000010360&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=126524&md5=3f3a75b2e5c080d505beca7784c32917
7. Neuroguide pages on stroke at: http://www.neuroguide.com/cgi-bin/pdistoc.pl?file=stroke
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27.x.05