Appropriate media for training and development

Zeitlyn, J.

Introduction

The book is drawn from experience of working in several countries and continents. It is illustrated with examples of material from all round the world. It therefore provides the sort of ideas and techniques that many people can use - teachers, trainers, development and communications workers in all fields. It is for all those who are involved in transferring skills and are concerned that development be sustained.

The book includes ideas on the organisation of training and communication as well as on the practical media options that can be considered. It takes into account the problems of using media in the field, when the power fails or the bulb bursts what can be done if you are using a projector?. It points to the other options - such as using folk media and song - which may not be a usual option for a trainer but in rural development may be far more effective than the high tech electronic solutions used in `developed' countries.

The development of an appropriate communication and training technology is essential if people in third world countries are going to take up the developments of projects and overcome the problems of passing on skills and ideas to those rural people who really need them. Overcoming the barriers of isolation and lack of education found in the countryside requires appropriate techniques and media as well as resources. Without them the development expertise leaves with the experts and the development cannot be sustained.

The handbook is published and printed in Dhaka Bangladesh by University Press Ltd. It is also published by TOOL Publications of Amsterdam, the Netherlands for the rest of the world. This partnership is part of a growing network which will enable ideas and technologies to be disseminated effectively. The handbook costs $14 from TOOL Publications in Amsterdam. Or Tk 250 from UPL Dhaka Bangladesh.

Contents

• Where to go 2
• Acknowledgements 4
• Using the handbook 5
• Key points 6
• Introduction 7
  • An example 8
  • Aims and objectives 9
• Planning training materials 10
  • What are training materials 11
  • Uses of training materials 14
  • Choice of media 15
  • Breaking down the information 18
  • Planning training material 20
  • Traineržs guides 22
• Designing training materials 24
  • Introducing design 25
  • Graphics for training 26
  • Design approaches 58
  • Illustrating development 64
  • Design techniques 68
  • Testing 72
• Training media 74
  • Chalkboard 75
  • Flip charts 77
  • Cloth board 81
  • Displays 83
  • Overhead projector 85
  • Slides 90
  • Models 94
  • Radio/audio 96
  • TV/video 99
  • Computers 102
  • Other media 105
• Organising training materials 108
  • Training packages 109
  • Training networks 110
  • Evaluating training materials 112
  • Training media production units 114
• Further information 119
  • Organisations 120
  • Books 121
  • Glossary 123

Credits

Many people have contributed to the production of this handbook. In particular Shahidul Alam and DRIK. Text editing was done by Shelley Anderson and production by UPL in Dhaka. TOOL in Amsterdam and UPL in Dhaka have worked together to publish the book.

Materials used as examples and illustrations in this handbook have included the work of:

• - Fukrul Hussain and Moshraaf Hossain of the Training Materials Production Section. BRDB, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
• - The Cooperative Development Centre CACU, Cairo, Egypt.
• - RDRS, Bangladesh.
• - VHSS, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
• - VERC, Savar, Bangladesh.
• - NRDP, Noakhali, Bangladesh.
• - Chitrabani, Calcutta, India.
• - RDII/ODA Project, Bangladesh.
• - Baby Milk Action Group, UK.
• - New Internationalist, UK.
• - Oxfam, UK.
• - Petra Rohr-Rouendaal, Laedza Batabani, Botswana.
• - Catholic Relief Services, Egypt.
• - Minka, Peru.
• - Nueva Sociedad, Venezuela.
• - Peter Dhalimi, Ministry of Agriculture, Swaziland.
• - Gramin Vikas Vigyan Samiti, Rajasthan, India.
• - GRAAP, Bukino Fasso.
• - SWAPO Literacy Campaign, Namibia.
• - CLIPS, Quebec.
• - Foundation for Education with Production, Zimbabwe.
• - Greenpeace, UK.
• - Nicaragua Health Fund, UK.
• - PADCO/LGT II Project, Indonesia.

  from `Changing Focus. Involving the rural poor in development planning' by David Watson and Richard Holloway. Published by Oxford and IBH, New Delhi.

• - Family Health Division, Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Liberia.
• - Copy Book, IT Publications, London.
• - Dolce Vita, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
• - Breast Feeding Campaign, Bangladesh.
• - FFHC/AD FAO, New Delhi, India.
• - Educational Materials Unit, INTRAH, USA.
• - UNICEF, Nepal
• .- Technical Teacher Training College, Dhaka, Bangladesh
• - Ravi Poovaiah, Industrial Design Centre, IIT, Bombay, India.
• - Nancy Fronczak
• - Expanded Programme of Immunisation, Bangladesh.
• - Ramjaner Chand, Panjika, Calcutta, India

Information about the publishers

Office address: Warmonderweg 80, 2341 KZ Oegstgeest, The Netherlands

Telephone: +31-71-5170208

Fax: +31-71-5171856

E-mail: backhuys@euronet.nl

Bank: Kredietbank Nederland NV, Rotterdam. Account No. 63.32.51.011

Postal Giro Account No. 723871 in the name of Dr. W. Backhuys

Printed and Published in Bangladesh by

UPL,

Red Crescent Buildings,

114 Motijheel C/A.

Dhaka

Bangladesh.

Cost: Tk 200 plus postage from UPL.