INTERNATIONAL DISPUTE SETTLEMENT 2003-2004

INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE

Reading: Collier & Lowe, ch. 7; Merrills, chs 6, 7.

Lowe & Fitzmaurice, Fifty Years of the International Court of Justice (1996), Parts IV,V.

Sites: < http://www.icj-cij.org/ > This site carries the texts of ICJ decisions, etc., and much useful background information.

For reference: S. Rosenne, The Law and Practice of the International Court of Justice 1920-1996 (1997) (‘Rosenne’), and ‘Updates to Law and Practice of the International Court of Justice 1920-1996’, 1 The Law and Practice of International Courts and Tribunals 129-154 (2002) and 2 ibid. 479-499 (2003); and see the series of articles by HWA Thirlway in the BYIL 1989-2001.

1. The ICJ, successor of the PCIJ, is the principal judicial organ of the UN: see UN Charter, arts. 92-96.

2. The ICJ has 15 judges chosen by the UN General Assembly and Security Council to represent major cultural and legal systems. If one party has a national judge on the ICJ, the other may appoint a judge ad hoc if it has no judge of its nationality already sitting (art. 31). For ad hoc judges in Advisory proceedings, see Rosenne, 1152-1157; Namibia, ICJ Rep 1971, 12; Western Sahara, ICJ Rep. 1975, 6.

3. ICJ may sit in chambers (arts 26-29): Gulf of Maine (Canada/USA, 1984); Frontier Dispute (Burkino Faso/Mali, 1986); Land., Island and Maritime Frontier (El Salvador/Honduras, 1987) Elettronica Sicula S.p.A. (ELSI) (US v. Italy, 1989); Frontier Dispute (Benin/Niger, 2002). Standing environmental chamber established 1993. Chambers for summary procedures –Statute, art. 29- not yet used.

4. Express acceptance of specified law in the compromis will generally be effective (Tunisia/Libya). Differences from arbitration are more theoretical than real.

5. ICJ has jurisdiction (1) to decide contentious inter-State cases which the parties consent to put before it (arts 34-36) and (2) to give Advisory Opinions sought by certain UN bodies on legal questions (arts 65-68).

6. Consent to the ICJ's contentious jurisdiction may be expressed:

a) by special agreement (compromis): Minquiers & Ecrehos, ICJ Rep. 1953, 47; Aegean Sea Continental Shelf, ICJ Rep. 1978, 3; Qatar/ Bahrain, ICJ Rep. 1994, 112; ICJ Rep. 1995, 6

b) by a compromissory clause in a treaty: Aegean Sea Continental Shelf, ICJ Rep. 1978, 3. Nicaragua, ICJ Rep. 1984, 392; Fisheries Jurisdiction, ICJ Rep. 1973, 3; Nuclear Tests, ICJ Rep. 1974, 253; Hostages, ICJ Rep. 1980, 3.

c) under the doctrine of forum prorogatum: Corfu Channel (Preliminary Objection), ICJ Rep. 1948, 5; Rights of Minorities in Polish Upper Silesia, PCIJ Ser. A, No. 15 (1928); cf., Arrest Warrant (Congo v France, 2002).

d) by a declaration under the Optional Clause, ICJ Statute, art. 36(2): Nicaragua, ICJ Rep. 1984, 392. (1984); Arbitral Award of 31 July 1989 (Guinea Bissau v Senegal), ICJ Rep. 1991, 53.

e) by transferred jurisdiction from the PCIJ: Barcelona Traction, ICJ Rep. 1964, 6.

[f) –art. 36(1), ICJ Statute: redundant.]

7. Optional clause declarations under art 36(2) take different forms, and are subject to qualifications and reservations. Nicaragua, ICJ Rep. 1984, 392.

8. For the conduct of cases, see the Statute < http://www.icj-cij.org/icjwww/ibasicdocuments/ibasictext/ibasicstatute.htm >and Rules <http://www.icj-cij.org/icjwww/ibasicdocuments/ibasictext/ibasic_en-fr_rulesofcourt_20001205.htm> of the Court, and the Practice Directions issued by the Court [< http://www.icj-cij.org/icjwww/ibasicdocuments/ibasictext/ibasic_PracticeDirection_NOTE_20011030.html >]

9. Both declarations must give jurisdiction over the dispute. Each party can rely on reservations states in the other's declaration. Interhandel (Switzerland v. US), ICJ Rep. 1959, 6; Norwegian Loans (France v. Norway) ICJ Rep. 1957, 9. The validity and effect of "automatic reservations" (such as the US "Connally amendment") has not been conclusively determined. Note also the effect of the “Vandenberg amendment” in Nicaragua, ICJ Rep. 1984, 392.

10. There may be objections to the admissibility of an application to the ICJ. Grounds include the existence of a justiciable dispute [Hostages ICJ Rep. 1980, 3; Military Activities in Nicaragua, ICJ Rep. 1984, 392; Haya de la Torre, ICJ Rep. 1951, 71]; mootness [Northern Cameroons, ICJ Rep. 1963, 15; Nuclear Tests, ICJ Rep. 1974, 327.]; lack of legal interest [South West Africa, ICJ Rep. 1966, 6; Barcelona Traction, ICJ Rep. 1964, 6, and 1970, 3]; challenges to nationality [Nottebohm, ICJ Rep. 1955, 4]; failure to exhaust local remedies [Interhandel, ICJ Rep. 1959, 6]; implication of legal interest of a third State [Monetary Gold, ICJ Rep. 1954, 19; Land, Island and Maritime Frontier, ICJ Rep. 1990, 2; Nauru, ICJ Rep. 1992, 92; Timor, ICJ Rep. 1995, 90].

11. The ICJ may give a preliminary ruling on questions of jurisdiction and the admissibility of claims. E.g., Armed activities on the territory of the Congo (Democratic Republic of the Congo v. Burundi, Rwanda and Uganda) (1999-)

12. Once the ICJ is properly seized of a dispute, it retains jurisdiction even if the basis of jurisdiction lapses [Nottebohm, ICJ Rep. 1953, 111], or if one party purports to withdraw its consent [Military Activities in Nicaragua (Jurisdiction), ICJ Rep. 1984, 392]; or chooses not to appear [art 53; Fisheries Jurisdiction cases, ICJ Rep. 1974, 4; Nuclear Tests cases, ICJ Rep. 1974, 253; Diplomatic Hostages case, ICJ Rep. 1980, 3; Nicaragua case, ICJ Rep. 1984, 392, and 1986, 14].

13. The ICJ Statute (art 62), permits the intervention of states having a legal interest which may be affected by the decision in the case; but this is restrictively interpreted. Tunisia/Libya, ICJ Rep. 1981, 3; Libya/Malta, ICJ Rep. 1984, 3; Land, Island and Maritime Frontier Dispute (El Salvador v Honduras) ICJ Rep. 1990, 92; Land and Maritime Boundary between Cameroon and Nigeria (Cameroon v. Nigeria: Equatorial Guinea intervening), Application by Equatorial Guinea for permission to intervene (1999); Sovereignty over Pulau Ligitan and Pulau Sipadan (Indonesia/Malaysia), Application by the Philippines to Intervene (2001);

14. Parties to multilateral treaties in issue have a right to intervene: Statute, art 63; Haya de la Torre, ICJ Rep. 1951, 71; Nicaragua, ICJ Rep.1984, 215 at 223 (Schwebel).

15. The ICJ has the power to indicate binding interim measures: ICJ Statute, art. 41; LaGrand (Germany v. United States of America), ICJ Rep. 2001. There must be a prima facie showing of jurisdiction: Breard [Vienna Convention on Consular Relations (Paraguay v. United States of America)], ICJ Rep. 1998, 248; Legality of Use of Force (Yugoslavia v. United States of America, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Belgium, Canada, Portugal and Spain (1999-). Nuclear Tests (Interim Protection), ICJ Rep. 1973, 99, 135; Nicaragua (Provisional Measures), ICJ Rep. 1984, 169; Great Belt (Finland v Denmark), ICJ Rep. 1991, 13; Lockerbie (Libya v US, UK), ICJ Rep. 1992, 114; Armed Activities on the Territory of the Congo (New Application: 2002) (Democratic Republic of the Congo v. Rwanda).

16. The Court has the power to revise its judgments: see Statute, art. 61; Bosnia v Yugoslavia, Application for Revision of the Judgment of 11 July 1996 (2001); El Salvador / Honduras, Land, Island and Maritime Frontier (2002 -revision of judgment of Chamber).

17. The usual ICJ remedies are declarations, or orders for compensation; rarely is restitutio in integrum ordered. For more specific remedies, see LaGrand, ICJ Rep. 2001. UN Charter, art. 94 obliges states to comply with ICJ orders. ICJ decisions bind only parties, and only in respect of the particular case (art 59).

18. ICJ judgments may be enforced via the Security Council: see UN Charter, art. 94.

19. Advisory Opinions may be given on legal questions requested by UN bodies (art 65; UN Charter, art. 96). This power may not be used to circumvent the requirement of consent in inter-State cases, but the ICJ is willing to distinguish between issues of general principle and the decision of specific disputes, and between the need to advise UN organs on legal issues and the binding of disputing States. Eastern Carelia (1923) PCIJ Rep Ser B No. 5; Peace Treaties (1950) ICJ Rep. 65; Western Sahara (1975) ICJ Rep. 12. Difference relating to immunity from legal process of a Special Rapporteur of the Commission on Human Rights (1998-1999); Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons (1994-1996), ICJ Rep. 1996, 66, 226; Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory (Request for Advisory Opinion) (2004)

20. The five Permanent Members of the Security Council are seeking to enhance the role of the ICJ.

Questions for consideration:

1. What changes in the ICJ Statute are desirable in order to enhance the Court’s capacity to contribute to the peaceful settlement of international disputes?

2. Does the International Court adequately safeguard the interests of States not party to (a) contentious cases and (b) requests for advisory proceedings before the Court?

FOR REFERENCE:-

ICJ: Current Docket

Case(s) currently being heard/under deliberation

Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory (Request for Advisory Opinion)

Avena and other Mexican Nationals (Mexico v. United States of America)

List of pending cases before the Court and current status

1. Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide 
(Bosnia and Herzegovina v. Serbia and Montenegro)

2. Gabcíkovo-Nagymaros Project (Hungary/Slovakia)

3. Ahmadou Sadio Diallo (Republic of Guinea v. Democratic Republic of the Congo)

4. Legality of Use of Force (Serbia and Montenegro v. Belgium)

5. Legality of Use of Force (Serbia and Montenegro v. Canada)

6. Legality of Use of Force (Serbia and Montenegro v. France)

7.  Legality of Use of Force (Serbia and Montenegro v. Germany)

8. Legality of Use of Force (Serbia and Montenegro v. Italy)

9. Legality of Use of Force (Serbia and Montenegro v. Netherlands)

10.  Legality of Use of Force (Serbia and Montenegro v. Portugal)

11. Legality of Use of Force (Serbia and Montenegro v. United Kingdom)

12. Armed activities on the territory of the Congo (Democratic Republic of the Congo v. Uganda)

13. Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (Croatia v. Serbia and Montenegro)

14. Maritime Delimitation between Nicaragua and Honduras in the Caribbean Sea (Nicaragua v. Honduras)

15. Certain Property (Liechtenstein v. Germany)

16. Territorial and Maritime Dispute (Nicaragua v. Colombia)

17. Frontier Dispute (Benin/Niger)

18. Armed Activities on the Territory of the Congo (New Application: 2002) (Democratic Republic of the Congo v. Rwanda)

19. Avena and other Mexican Nationals (Mexico v. United States of America)

20. Certain Criminal Proceedings in France (Republic of the Congo v. France)

21. Sovereignty over Pedra Branca/Pulau Batu Puteh, Middle Rocks and South Ledge (Malaysia/Singapore)

22. Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory (Request for Advisory Opinion)

DECISIONS OF THE ICJ

Contentious Cases

Advisory Cases

2003 Sovereignty over Pedra Branca/Pulau Batu Puteh, Middle Rocks and South Ledge (Malaysia/Singapore) (2003- Certain Criminal Proceedings in France (Republic of the Congo v. France) (2003- Avena and other Mexican Nationals (Mexico v. United States of America) (2003- 2002 Application for Revision of the Judgment of 11 September 1992 in the Case concerning the Land, Island and Maritime Frontier Dispute (El Salvador v. Honduras: Nicaragua intervening) (El Salvador v. Honduras) (2002- Armed Activities on the Territory of the Congo (New Application : 2002) (Democratic Republic of the Congo v. Rwanda) (2002- Frontier Dispute (Benin/Niger) (2002- 2001 Territorial and Maritime Dispute (Nicaragua v. Colombia) (2001- Certain Property (Liechenstein v. Germany) (2001- Application for Revision of the Judgment of 11 July 1996 in the Case concerning Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (Bosnia and Herzegovina v. Yugoslavia), Preliminary Objections (Yugoslavia v. Bosnia and Herzegovina) (2001-2003) 2000 Arrest Warrant of 11 April 2000 (Democratic Republic of the Congo v. Belgium) (2000-2002) 1999 Maritime Delimitation between Nicaragua and Honduras in the Caribbean Sea (Nicaragua v. Honduras) (1999- Aerial Incident of 10 August 1999 (Pakistan v. India) (1999-2000) Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (Croatia v. Yugoslavia)  (1999- Armed activities on the territory of the Congo (Democratic Republic of the Congo v. Burundi) (1999-2001) Armed activities on the territory of the Congo (Democratic Republic of the Congo v. Rwanda) (1999-2001) Armed activities on the territory of the Congo (Democratic Republic of the Congo v. Uganda) (1999- Legality of Use of Force (Serbia and Montenegro v. Belgium)  (1999-  Legality of Use of Force (Serbia and Montenegro v. Canada) (1999- Legality of Use of Force (Serbia and Montenegro v. France) (1999- Legality of Use of Force (Serbia and Montenegro v. Germany) (1999- Legality of Use of Force (Serbia and Montenegro v. Italy) (1999- Legality of Use of Force (Serbia and Montenegro v. Netherlands) (1999- Legality of Use of Force (Serbia and Montenegro v. Portugal) (1999- Legality of Use of Force (Yugoslavia v. Spain) (1999) Legality of Use of Force (Serbia and Montenegro v. United Kingdom) (1999- Legality of Use of Force (Yugoslavia v. United States of America) (1999) LaGrand (Germany v. United States of America) (1999 -2001) 1998 Ahmadou Sadio Diallo (Republic of Guinea v. Democratic Republic of the Congo) (1998- Sovereignty over Pulau Litigan and Pulau Sipadan (Indonesia/Malaysia) (1998-2002) Request for Interpretation of the Judgment of 11 June 1998 in the Case concerning the Land and Maritime Boundary between Cameroon and Nigeria (Cameroon v. Nigeria), Preliminary Objections (Nigeria v. Cameroon) (1998-1999) Vienna Convention on Consular Relations (Paraguay v. United States of America) (1998) 1996 Kasikili/Sedudu Island (Botswana/Namibia) (1996-1999) 1995 Request for an examination of the situation in accordance with paragraph 63 of the Court's Judgment of 20 December 1974 in the Nuclear Tests (New Zealand v. France) case (1995) Fisheries Jurisdiction (Spain v. Canada) (1995-1998) 1994 Land and Maritime Boundary between Cameroon and Nigeria (Cameroon v. Nigeria: Equatorial Guinea intervening) (1994-2002) Gabcíkovo-Nagymaros (Hungary/Slovakia) (1994- 1993 Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (Bosnia and Herzegovina v. Serbia and Montenegro) (1993- 1992 Oil Platforms (Islamic Republic of Iran v. United States of America) (1992-2003) Questions of Interpretation and Application of the 1971 Montreal Convention arising from the Aerial Incident at Lockerbie (Libyan Arab Jamahiriya v. United Kingdom) (1992-2003) Questions of Interpretation and Application of the 1971 Montreal Convention arising from the Aerial Incident at Lockerbie (Libyan Arab Jamahiriya v. United States of America) (1992-2003) 1991 Maritime Delimitation and Territorial Questions between Qatar and Bahrain (Qatar v. Bahrain) (1991-2001) Passage Through the Great Belt (Finland v. Denmark) (1991-1992) Maritime Delimitation between Guinea-Bissau and Senegal (Guinea Bissau v. Senegal) (1991-1995) East Timor (Portugal v. Australia) (1991-1995) 1990 Territorial Dispute (Libyan Arab Jamahiriya/Chad) (1990-1994) 1989 Arbitral Award of 31 July 1989 (Guinea-Bissau v. Senegal) (1989-1991) Certain Phosphate Lands in Nauru (Nauru v. Australia) (1989-1993) Aerial Incident of 3 July 1988 (Islamic Republic of Iran v. United States of America) (1989-1996) 1988 Maritime Delimitation in the Area Between Greenland and Jan Mayen (Denmark v. Norway) (1988-1993) 1987 Elettronica Sicula S.p.A. (ELSI) (United States of America v. Italy) (1987-1989) 1986 Land, Island and Maritime Frontier Dispute (El Salvador/Honduras: Nicaragua intervening) (1986-1992) Border and Transborder Armed Actions (Nicaragua v. Honduras) (1986-1992) Border and Transborder Armed Actions (Nicaragua v. Costa Rica) (1986-1987) 1984 Application for Revision and Interpretation of the Judgment of 24 February 1982 in the case concerning the Continental Shelf (Tunisia/Libyan Arab Jamahiriya) (Tunisia v. Libyan Arab Jamahiriya) (1984-1985) Military and Paramilitary Activities in and against Nicaragua (Nicaragua v. United States of America) (1984-1991) 1983 Frontier Dispute (Burkina Faso/Republic of Mali) (1983-1986) 1982 Continental Shelf (Libyan Arab Jamahiriya/Malta) (1982-1985) 1981 Delimitation of the Maritime Boundary in the Gulf of Maine Area (Canada/United States of America) (1981-1984) 1979 United States Diplomatic and Consular Staff in Tehran (United States v. Iran) (1979-1981) 1978 Continental Shelf (Tunisia/Libyan Arab Jamahiriya) (1978-1982) 1976 Aegean Sea Continental Shelf (Greece v. Turkey) (1976-1978) 1973 Trial of Pakistani Prisoners of War (Pakistan v. India) (1973) Nuclear Tests (Australia v. France) (1973-1974) Nuclear Tests (New Zealand v. France) (1973-1974) 1972 Fisheries Jurisdiction (United Kingdom v. Iceland) (1972-1974) Fisheries Jurisdiction (Federal Republic of Germany v. Iceland) (1972-1974) 1971 Appeal Relating to the Jurisdiction of the ICAO Council (India v. Pakistan) (1971-1972) 1967 North Sea Continental Shelf (Federal Republic of Germany/Denmark; Federal Republic of Germany/Netherlands) (1967-1969) Merits - Judgment of 20 February 1969 1962 Barcelona Traction, Light and Power Company, Limited (New Application: 1962) (Belgium v. Spain) (1962-1970) Preliminary Objections - Judgment of 24 July 1964 Second Phase - Judgment of 5 February 1970 1961 Northern Cameroons (Cameroons v. United Kingdom) (1961-1963) Preliminary Objections - Judgment of 2 December 1963 1960 South West Africa (Ethiopia v. South Africa; Liberia v. South Africa) (1960-1966) Preliminary Objections - Judgment of 21 December 1962 Second Phase - Judgment of 18 July 1966 1959 Temple of Preah Vihear (Cambodia v. Thailand) (1959-1962) Preliminary Objections - Judgment of 26 May 1961 Merits - Judgment of 15 June 1962 Aerial Incident of 7 November 1954 (United States v. USSR) (1959 Compagnie du Port, des Quais et des Entrepôts de Beyrouth and Société Radio-Orient (France v. Lebanon) (1959-1960) 1958 Barcelona Traction, Light and Power Company, Limited (Belgium v. Spain)(1958-1961) Aerial Incident of 4 September 1954 (United States v. USSR) (1958) Arbitral Award Made by the King of Spain on 23 December 1906 (Honduras v. Nicaragua) (1958-1960) Merits - Judgment of 18 November 1960 1957 Sovereignty over Certain Frontier Land (Belgium/Netherlands) (1957-1959) Merits - Judgment of 20 June 1959 Aerial Incident of 27 July 1955 (United Kingdom v. Bulgaria) (1957-1959) Aerial Incident of 27 July 1955 (United States v. Bulgaria) (1957-1960)             Aerial Incident of 27 July 1955 (Israel v. Bulgaria) (1957-1959) Preliminary Objections - Judgment of 26 May 1959 Interhandel (Switzerland v. United States) (1957-1959) Provisional Measures - Order of 24 October 1957 Application of the Convention of 1902 Governing the Guardianship of Infants (Netherlands v. Sweden) (1957-1958) Merits - Judgment of 28 November 1958 1955 Right of Passage over Indian Territory (Portugal v. India) (1955-1960) Preliminary Objections - Judgment of 26 November 1957 Merits - Judgment of 12 April 1960 Certain Norwegian Loans (France v. Norway) (1955-1957) Preliminary Objections - Judgment of 6 July 1957 Aerial Incident of 7 October 1952 (United States v. USSR) (1955-1956) Antarctica (United Kingdom v. Chile) (1955-1956) Antarctica (United Kingdom v. Argentina) (1955-1956) Aerial Incident of 10 March 1953 (United States v. Czechoslovakia) (1955-1956) 1954 Treatment in Hungary of Aircraft and Crew of the United States of America (United States v. Hungary) (1954) Treatment in Hungary of Aircraft and Crew of the United States of America (United States v. USSR) (1954) 1953 Electricité de Beyrouth Company (France v. Lebanon) (1953-1954) Monetary Gold Removed from Rome in 1943 (Italy v. France, United Kingdom and United States) (1953-1954) Jurisdiction of the Court - Judgment of 15 June 1954 1951 Nottebohm (Liechtenstein v. Guatemala) (1951-1955) Preliminary Objection - Judgment of 18 November 1953 Second Phase - Judgment of 6 April 1955 Minquiers and Ecrehos (France/United Kingdom) (1951-1953) Merits - Judgment of 17 November 1953 Anglo-lranian Oil Co. (United Kingdom v. Iran) (1951-1952) Preliminary Objection - Judgment of 22 July 1952 Ambatielos (Greece v. United Kingdom) (1951-1953) Preliminary Objection - Judgment of 1 July 1952 Merits - Judgment of 19 May 1953 1950 Haya de la Torre (Colombia v. Peru) (1950-1951) Merits - Judgment of 13 June 1951 Request for Interpretation of the Judgment of 20 November 1950 in the Asylum Case (Colombia v. Peru) (1950) Merits - Judgment of 27 November 1950 Rights of Nationals of the United States of America in Morocco (France v. United States) (1950-1952) Merits - Judgment of 27 August 1952 1949 Asylum (Colombia/Peru) (1949-1950) Merits - Judgment of 20 November 1950 Protection of French Nationals and Protected Persons in Egypt (France v. Egypt) (1949-1950) Fisheries (United Kingdom v. Norway) (1949-1950) 1947 Corfu Channel (United Kingdom v. Albania) (1947-1949)

2003 Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory (2003- 1998 Difference relating to immunity from legal process of a Special Rapporteur of the Commission on Human Rights (1998 - 1999) Advisory Opinion of 29 April 1999 1994 Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons (1994-1996) 1993 Legality of the Use by a State of Nuclear Weapons in Armed Conflict (1993-1996) Advisory Opinion of 8 July 1996 1989 Applicability of Article VI, Section 22, of the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations (1989) Advisory Opinion of 15 December 1989 1988 Applicability of the Obligation to Arbitrate under Section 21 of the United Nations Headquarters Agreement of 26 June 1947 (1988) Advisory Opinion of 26 April 1988 1984 Application for Review of Judgement No. 333 of the United Nations Administrative Tribunal (1984-1987) Advisory Opinion of 27 May 1987 1981 Application for Review of Judgement No. 273 of the United Nations Administrative Tribunal (1981-1982) Advisory Opinion of 20 July 1982 1980 Interpretation of the Agreement of 25 March 1951 between the WHO and Egypt (1980) Advisory Opinion of 20 December 1980 1974 Western Sahara (1974-1975) Advisory Opinion of 16 October 1975 1972 Application for Review of Judgement No. 158 of the United Nations Administrative Tribunal (1972-1973) Advisory Opinion of 12 July 1973 1970 Legal Consequences for States of the Continued Presence of South Africa in Namibia (South West Africa) notwithstanding Security Council Resolution 276 (1970) (1970-1971) Advisory Opinion of 21 June 1971 1961 Certain Expenses of the United Nations (1961-1962) Advisory Opinion of 20 July 1962 1959 Constitution of the Maritime Safety Committee of the Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization (1959-1960) Advisory Opinion of 8 June 1960 1955 Admissibility of Hearings of Petitioners by the Committee on South West Africa (1955-1956) Advisory Opinion of 1 June 1956 Judgments of the Administrative Tribunal of the ILO upon Complaints Made against Unesco (1955-1956) Advisory Opinion of 23 October 1956 1954 Voting Procedure on Questions relating to Reports and Petitions concerning the Territory of South West Africa (1954-1955) Advisory Opinion of 7 June 1955 1953 Effect of Awards of Compensation Made by the United Nations Administrative Tribunal (1953-1954) Advisory Opinion of 13 July 1954 1950 Reservations to the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (1950-1951) Advisory Opinion of 28 May 1951 1949 International Status of South West Africa (1949-1950) Advisory Opinion of 11 July 1950 Competence of the General Assembly for the Admission of a State to the United Nations (1949-1950) Advisory Opinion of 3 March 1950 Interpretation of Peace Treaties with Bulgaria, Hungary and Romania (1949-1950) First Phase - Advisory Opinion of 30 March 1950 Second Phase - Advisory Opinion of 18 July 1950 1948 Reparation for Injuries Suffered in the Service of the United Nations (1948-1949) Advisory Opinion of 11 April 1949 1947 Conditions of Admission of a State to Membership in the United Nations (Article 4 of the Charter) (1947-1948) Advisory Opinion of 28 May 19487