The Martyrium Basilica

The Martyrium Basilica and the Holy Sepulchre in the Fourth Century

In 325/6 C.E. Constantine excavated the mount opposite the ruins of the temple said to be the site of Christ's death and resurrection.

At this site was:

Demolished a temple to Aphrodite built there by Hadrian.
Removed a statue to Jupiter Capitolinus after whom Hadrian renamed the city of Jerusalem (Aelia Capitolina)
Uncovered the cave of the resurrection (described in some detail by Eusebius.
Uncovered the rock of Golgotha
Found there something believed to be the relic of Christ's cross.

In a letter to Macarius, the bishop of Jerusalem, Constantine instructed that a basilica more wonderful than any other should be constructed here, on the site of the Passion of the Lord.

Eusebius describes, in a style akin to the description of Solomon's temple, the construction and beauty of this basilica and the associated buildings.

Two plans of the Martyrium-Sepulchre complex are reproduced below. The top one is based upon the description provided by Eusebius. The second upon recent archaeological excavations.