Gray, Rowena, Gaia Narciso, and Gaspare Tortorici, "Globalization, agricultural markets and mass migration: Italy, 1881-1912," Explorations in Economic History, vol. 74 (2019). 'Agricultural price shocks are positively related to the propensity to migrate.''

Lüttge, Julius, "Missing an opportunity: the Italian Mezzogiorno's trading troubles during European integration," Journal of Modern Italian Studies, vol. 19, no. 2 (2014), pp. 145-68. 'New trade opportunities alone did not suffice to even the Mezzogiorno regions' road to export orientation.'

Pistoresi, Barbara and Alberto Rinadli, "Exports, imports and growth New evidence on Italy: 1863-2004," Explorations in Economic History, vol. 49 (2012), pp. 241-54. 'Exports were not the only or the main driver of economic growth.'

Timini, Jacopo, "Currency unions and heterogeneous trade effects: the case of the Latin Monetary Union," European Review of Economic History, vol. 22 (2018), pp. 322-48. 'support for the hypothesis that the LMU had significant trade effects for the period 1865-1874. These effects were nonetheless concentrated in trade flows between France and the rest of LMU members, following a hub-and-spokes structure.'

Timini, Jacopo, "Staying dry on Spanish wine: The rejection of the 1905 Spanish-Italian trade agreement," European Journal of Political Economy, vol. 63 (2020). 'constituency interests had a role in determining the result of the vote on the trade treaty. Moreover, constituency interests were also important for the "vote switchers"", i.e. those MPs that supported the overall government policy stance in the first round, but opposed the Spanish-Italian trade agreement in the second.'

Vasta, Michelangelo, "Italian export capacity in the long-term perspective (1861-2009): a tortuous path to stay in place," Journal of Modern Italian Studies, vol. 15, no. 1 (2010), pp. 133-56. 'The paper illustrates Italy's tortuous path to maintain its position among the most advanced countries despite its peculiar specializations.''

Gomellini, Matteo, "Breve storia delle barriere agli scambi in Italia," Banca d'Italia Quaderni di storia economica, no. 46 (Dec. 2020). 'main turning points in Italian trade policy between 1861 and the end of the 20th century are identified, and secondly, a trade cost index that gauges the impediments to bilateral trade is computed.'

Ardeni, Pier Giorgio, and Andrea Gentili, "Revisiting Italian emigration before the Great War: a test of the standard economic model," European Review of Economic History, vol. 18 (2014), pp. 452-71. 'the standard model is only partially confirmed when accounting for heterogeneity of destinations, whereas other relevant hypotheses are not accepted,'

Spitzer, Yannay, and Ariell Zimran, "Migrant self-selection: Anthropometric evidence from the mass migration of Italians to the United States, 1907-1925," Journal of Development Economics, vol. 134 (2018), pp. 226-47. 'Italian migration was negatively selected at the national level, but positively selected at the local level. Selection varied systematically within Italy, with more positive local selection from shorter and poorer provinces. Selection was more negative among individuals with stronger connections in the United States and became more positive after imposition of the literacy test in 1917.'

Spitzer, Yannay, and Ariell Zimran, "Like an Ink Blot on Paper. Testing the Diffusion Hypothesis of Mass Migration, Italy 1876-1920," working paper, Dec. 2019, available here.