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 2004. The bilingual and multilingual community. In Bhatia, Tej K. and Ritchie, William C. eds. The Handbook of Bilingualism. Oxford: Blackwell. Chapter 15. pp. 385-406. 2004. Contested visions of history in Aotearoa New Zealand: Witi Ihimaera's The Matriarch. The Contemporary Pacific. A Journal of Island Affairs 16(1):31-57. 2004. The English input to the English-lexicon pidgins and creoles of the Pacific. In Hickey, Raymond ed. Legacies of colonial English. Studies in Transported Dialects. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Chapter 18. pp. 456-499. 
 2005. Orthographic practices in the standardization of pidgins and creoles: Pidgin in Hawai'i as anti-language and anti-standard. Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 20(1):101-140. 2005. "We had like to have been killed by thunder & lightning": the semantic and pragmatic history 
of a construction that like to disappeared. Journal of Historical Pragmatics  6(1):1-35. [jointly with Merja Kytö]. 2005. Contributions. In Strazny, Philipp ed. Encyclopedia of Linguistics. Fitzroy Dearborn. (Hawaiian Creole English, Austronesian, The Pacific, The Caribbean, New Guinea, and Pitcairnese). 2005. Change in productivity. In Booij, Geert, Lehmann, Christian, and Mugdan, Joachim eds. Morphology. A Handbook on Inflection and Word Formation. Berlin: Walter De Gruyter. pp. 1636-1644. 2005. Language contact studies. In Ammon, Ulrich, Dittmar, Norbert, Mattheier, Klaus J., and Trudgill, Peter, eds. Sociolinguistics-Soziolinguistik. An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. pp. 49-58. 2005.  Language and gender. In Sujoldzic, Anita ed. Linguistic Anthropology. Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS). Developed under the auspices of UNESCO. Oxford:Eolss Publishers. URL: http://www.eolss.net. 2005. Loanwords in pidgins and creoles with special respect to the English lexicon creoles in the Pacific. Aspects of foreign words/Loanwords in the World's Languages. The Multi-faceted nature of language policies that aim to standardize and revive language. Tokyo:The National Institute for Japanese Language. pp. 78-87. 2005. English loanwords in Tok Pisin.  Aspects of foreign words/Loanwords in the World's Languages. The Multi-faceted nature of language policies that aim to standardize and revive language. Tokyo:The National Institute for Japanese Language. Pp. 230-242. 2005. Structural aspects and consequences of borrowing in Tok Pisin (Papua New Guinea). Aspects of foreign words/Loanwords in the World's Languages. The Multi-faceted nature of language policies that aim to standardize and revive language. Tokyo:The National Institute for Japanese Language. pp. 297-309. 
 2006. Language policy in multilingual educational contexts. In Brown, Keith ed. Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics. Elsevier. 2nd ed. Volume 6. pp. 584-596. 2006. Hawaiian Creole English. In Brown, Keith ed. Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics. Elsevier. 2nd ed. Volume 4. pp. 227-228. 2006. Pidgins and creoles. In Brown, Keith ed. Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics. Elsevier. 2nd ed. Volume 9. pp. 600-607. 2006. Reversing language shift. In Brown, Keith ed. Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics. Elsevier. 2nd ed. Volume 10. pp. 567-570. 2006. Tok Pisin. In Brown, Keith ed. Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics. Elsevier. 2nd ed. Volume 12. pp. 737-739. 2006. Global English: from island tongue to world language. In Los, Bettelou L.J. and van Kemenade, Ans eds.
Handbook of the History of English. Oxford: Blackwell. Chapter 23. pp. 589-608. 2006. Exploring variation in adjective comparison in 19th-century English: 'the very most delighfullest tour'. In Kytö, Merja, Rydén, Mats and Smitterberg, Erik eds. Nineteenth-century English: stability and change.. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press. pp. 260-289. [jointly with Merja Kytö]. 2006. Planning for the survival of linguistic diversity. Language Policy 5(2):443-475. 2006. Vanishing voices. The plight of the Celtic languages in global context. In Lloyd Jones, Mary First Language. Llandysul:Gomer Press with the National Library of Wales. pp. 103-112. [jointly with Daniel Nettle]. 
 2007. Preserving endangered languages. Blackwells Language and Linguistic Compass 1/1-2:115-132.
 Available on-line. 2007. The impact of language policy on endangered languages. In Koenig, Matthias and De Guchteneire, Paul eds. Democracy and Human Rights in Multicultural Societies. Aldershot:Ashgate/UNESCO. Chapter 10. pp. 217-236. 2007. Linguistic diversity and language standardization. In Hellinger, Marlis and Pauwels, Anne eds. Language and Communication: Diversity and Change. Handbooks of Applied Linguistics. Volume 9. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. Chapter 22. pp. 685-715. 
 2008. The Irish language in a global context. In Nic Pháidín, Caoilfhionn and Ó Cearnaigh, Seán eds. A New View of the Irish Language. Dublin: Cois Life. pp. 11-25. 2008. Linguistic diversity, sustainability, and the future of the past. In King, Kendall, Schilling-Estes, Natalie, Fogle, Lyn, Lou, Jackie and Soukup, Barbara eds. Sustaining linguistic diversity. Endangered and minority languages and varieties. Washington,DC:Georgetown University Press. pp. 7-21. 2008. Language rights, human development and linguistic diversity in a globalizing world. In Van Sterkenburg, Piet ed. Unity and diversity of languages. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. pp. 85-96. 2008. Biodiversity, linguistic diversity, and poverty – some global patterns and missing links. In Harbert, Wayne, McConnell-Ginet, Sally, Miller, Amanda L. and Whitman, John eds. Language and Poverty. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters. pp. 127-146. 2008. Corpus linguistics and sociolinguistics. Article 8. In Lüdeling, Anke and Kytö, Merja eds. Corpus linguistics. An international handbook. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. pp. 96-111. 2008. ‘My dearest Minnykins’: Style, gender and affect in 19th century letters. In Watson, Greg ed. The state of stylistics. Amsterdam: Rodopi. pp. 229-263. [jointly with Merja Kytö] 
 2009. Linguistic diversity and poverty. In Cook, Vivian and Wei, Li eds. Contemporary Applied Linguistics. Vol. II: Linguistics for the Real World. London:Continuum. pp. 46-64. 2009. Language, culture and identity issues across nations. In Banks, James ed. Routledge International Companion to Multicultural Education. London: Routledge. Chapter 27. pp. 373-384. 
 2010. Extinction of language. In Hogan, Patrick C. ed. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the Language Sciences. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2010. Language contact in the USA. In Potowski, Kim ed. Language diversity in the USA. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Chapter 2. pp. 25-46. 2010. Language contact and death. In Hickey, Raymond ed. Handbook of Language Contact. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Chapter 16. pp. 320-339. 2010. 19th century key words, key semantic domains and affect: "In the rich vocabulary of Love 'Most dearest' be a true superlative." Studia Neophilologica 82:12-48. 
 2011. Identity and multilingualism. In Potowski, Kim and Rothman, Jason eds. Bilingual youth: Spanish in English-speaking societies. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Chapter 1. pp. 7-30. 2011. Language ecology and language death. In Miola, Emmanuele and Ramat, Paolo eds. Language contact and language decay. Socio-political and linguistic perspectives. Pavia: Istituto Universitario di Studi Superiori di Pavia. pp. 213-225. 2011. Revitalized languages as invented languages. In Adams, Michael ed. From Elvish to Klingon: Exploring invented languages. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 185-227. 2011. Policy and planning for protecting linguistic diversity. In Migliore, Tiziana and Fabbri, Paolo eds. The architectures of Babel. Creation, extinctions and intercessions in the languages of the global world. Firenze: Leo S. Olschki. pp. 57-71. 
 2012. Co-occurrence of linguistic and biological diversity in biodiversity hotspots and high biodiversity wilderness areas. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109(21):8032-8037. [jointly with Larry J. Gorenflo, Russell A. Mittermeier, Kristen Walker-Painemilla]. Plus Supporting information. pp. 1-6. 2012. Plurilingualism and national languages: Centripetal forces and centrifugal forces. In Telmon, Tullio, Raimondi, Gianmario and Revelli, Luisa eds. Coesistenze linguistiche nell'Italia pre- e postunitaria. Atti del XLV Congresso internazionale di studi della Società di Linguistica Italiana. Roma: Bulzoni. pp. 73-84. 2012. The bilingual and multilingual community. In Bhatia, Tej K. and Ritchie, William C. eds. The Handbook of Bilingualism. Oxford: Blackwell. Chapter 18. pp. 445-465. 2012. English in Contact: Pidgins and creoles. In Bergs, Alexander and Brinton, Laurel eds. Historical Linguistics of English. Vol. I. Chapter 113. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. pp. 1767-1781. 
 2013. Language endangerment. In Chapelle, C.A. ed. The Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 1-7. 2013. Linguistic and ecological diversity. In Bayley, Robert, Cameron, Richard and Lucas, Ceil eds. The Oxford Handbook of Sociolinguistics. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 1115-1141. 2013. ‘It snuck in so smooth and slippery we didn't even hear it’: How snuck snuck up on sneaked. Anglistica 15(1-2):127-145. 2013. Keeping the promise of the Millennium Development Goals: Why language matters. Applied Linguistics Review 4(1):1-21. 2013. Politics and policies of multilingualism in the European Union. Language Policy 12:115-137. 2013. Language ecology and language death. In Binder, Philippe M. and Smith, Kenny eds. The language phenomenon. Human communication from milliseconds to millennia. New York: Springer Verlag. Chapter 10. pp. 217-234. 
 2014. Identity, migration and language. In Di Salvo, Margherita, Moreno, Paola and Sornicola, Rosanna eds. Multilinguismo in contesto migratorio. 
Metodologie e progetti di recerca sulle dinamiche linguistiche degli Italiani all'estero. Rome: Aracne editrice. pp. 15-57. 
 2015. The global extinction of languages and its consequences for cultural diversity. In Marten, Heiko F., Riessler, Michael, Saarikivi, Janne and Toivanen, Reetta, eds. Cultural and Linguistic Minorities in the Russian Federation and the European Union.
 Switzerland: Springer International Publishing. pp. 31-46. 2015. Language and social class. International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences.2nd. ed. Oxford: Elsevier. Vol. 13. pp. 31-46. 
 2016. The variationist approach. In Kytö, Merja and Pahta, Päivi eds. The Cambridge handbook of English historical linguistics. Chapter 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 19-36. 2016. Linguistic diversity and global English: The pushmi-pullyu of language policy and political economy. In Ricento, Thomas ed. Language policy and political economy:  English in a global context. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Chapter 11. pp. 252-275 2016. Language and sustainable development: Integrating the economics of language policy with poverty reduction and biodiversity conservation. In Wickström, Bengt-Arne and Gazzola, Michele eds. The economics of language policy. Cambridge,MA: MIT Press. pp. 403-431. 
 2017. Linguistic diversity of natural UNESCO world heritage sites: Bridging the gap between nature and culture. Biodiversity and Conservation 26(8):1973-1988. [jointly with L.J. Gorenflo].  Available on-line. 2017. Social conditioning. In Ledgeway, Adam and Roberts, Ian eds. The Cambridge handbook of historical syntax. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Chapter 28. pp. 534-556. 2017. Language endangerment and language death: the future of language diversity. In Fill, Alwin and Penz, Hermine eds. The Routledge handbook of ecolinguistics. New York: Routledge. Chapter 3. pp. 40-55. 2019. Pizza chiena between two worlds. In Balirano, Giuseppe and Guzzo, Siria eds. Food across cultures. Linguistic insights in transcultural tastes. Chapter 7. pp. 169-203. London: Palgrave Macmillan. 2019. Multilingualism. In Darquennes, Jeroen, Salmons, Joseph C. and Vandenbussche, Wim eds. Language contact. An international handbook. Chapter 22. pp. 257-270. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. 2020.Special opportunities for conserving cultural and biological diversity: The co-occurrence of Indigenous languages and UNESCO Natural World Heritage Sites. Parks Stewardship Forum 36(2):297-306. [jointly with L.J. Gorenflo].Go to the Top of the page
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