Meeting	Topic
1	The Risorgimento and economic unification
2	Living standards, distribution
3	Globalisation
4	Fascism
5	Social Capital
6	Geography
7	Banking
8	Macroeconomic History

Accetturo, A., M. Bugamelli, and A. Lamorgese, "Law enforcement and political participation: Italy, 1861-65," Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, vol. 140 (2017), pp. 224-45.

Brosio, G., "Coercion and equity with centralization of government: how the unification of Italy impacted the southern regions," Public Choice, vol. 177 (2018), pp. 235-64.

Davis, J. (ed.). Gramsci and Italy's Passive Revolution. London: Croom Helm, 1979. Ch. 1 ("Introduction," J. Davis, pp. 11-30), Ch. 2 ("Gramsci and the Era of the Bourgeois Revolution in Italy," P. Ginsborg, pp. 31-66), Ch. 3 ("The South, the Risorgimento, and the Origins of the 'Southern Problem'," J. Davis, pp. 67-103). Download.

Dincecco, M., G. Federico and A. Vindigni, "Warfare, Taxation and Political Change: Evidence from the Italian 'Risorgimento'", JEH v. 71 (2011), pp. 887-914.

Lecce, G., L. Ogliari, and T. Orlando, "State formation, social unrest and cultural distance," Journal of Economic Growth, vol. 27 (2022), pp. 453-83.

de Oliveira, G. and C. Guerriero, "Extractive States: the Case of the Italian Unification," International Review of Law and Economics, vol. 56 (2018), pp. 142-59.

Federico, G. and M. Dincecco, "Napoleon in Italy: A Legacy of Institutional Reform?" Chapter 6 in The Crucible of Revolutionary and Napoleonic Warfare and European Transitions to Modern Economic Growth, P.K. O'Brien, ed. (Leiden: Brill, 2022), pp. 141-68. Brief and lacking much detail but very accessible to us, with clear links to the topics and literatures we are interested in.

Chiaruttini, M. S., "Woe to the Vanquished? State, 'foreign' banking and financial development in Southern Italy in the nineteenth century," Financial History Review, vol. 27, no. 3 (2020), pp. 340-60.

Conte, L., G. Toniolo, and G. Vecchi, "Lessons from Italy's Monetary Unification (1862-1880) for the Euro and Europe's Single Market," Ch. 10 in The Economic Future in Historical Perspective, P. David and M. Thomas, eds. (Oxford: OUP, 2003).

Federico, G., "Market Integration and Market Efficiency: The Case of 19th Century Italy," EEH v. 44, pp. 293-316.

Federico, G. and A. Tena-Jungito, "The ripples of the industrial revolution: exports, economic growth, and regional integration in Italy in the early nineteenth century," EREH v. 18 n. 3 (2014), pp. 349-69.

Schisani, M.C., L. Balletta, and G. Ragozini, "Crowding out the change: business networks and persisting economic elites in the South of Italy over Unification (1840-1880)," Cliometrica, (2020). I'm not sure it fits under this rubric of market integration but it looks really interesting!

Riall, L. The Italian Risorgimento: State, Society, and National Unification. London: Routledge, 1994. Only about 100 pages. Available online via SOLO.

Riall, L. Risorgimento: the History of Italy from Napoleon to Nation State. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009. An updated, longer version of her earlier book.

Gramsci, A. Il risorgimento. Torino: Einaudi, 1949.

Hobsbawm, E. Primitive Rebels: Studies in Archaic Forms of Social Movement in the 19th Century. London: W.W. Norton, 1965 (orig. 1959).

Pescosolido, G. Unita' nazionale e sviluppo economico in Italia 1750-1913. Rome: Laterza, 1998.

Brandolini, A., and G. Vecchi, "Standards of Living," Ch. 8 in Oxford Handbook of the Italian Economy, G. Toniolo, ed. (Oxford: OUP, 2013), pp. 227-48.

Gabbuti, G. "Those Who Were Better Off: Capital and Top Incomes in Fascist Italy," LEM Working Paper Series no. 2022/31 (Oct. 2022).

Gabbuti, G. "Labor shares and inequality: insights from Italian economic history, 1895-1970," European Review of Economic History, vol. 25 (2020), pp. 355-78.

Gomez-Leon, M. and G. Gabbuti, "Wars, Depression, and Fascism: Income Inequality in Italy, 1900-1950," LEM Working Paper Series no. 2022/26 (Sept. 2022).

Malanima, P. "Pre-Modern Equality: Income Distribution in the Kingdom of Naples (1811)," paper presented at the XIV International Congress of Economic History, Helsinki, 2006.

Vecchi, G. (ed.). Measuring Wellbeing. A History of Italian Living Standards. New York: OUP, 2017.

Ch. 2, "Height," with B. A'Hearn
Ch. 3, "Health," with V. Atella and S. Francisi
Ch. 8, "Inequality," with N. Amendola
Ch. 9, "Poverty," with N. Amendola and F. Salsano

It would be nice to look at some of Alfani's work on wealth inequality, but it concerns the early-modern period, outside the scope of this course (unless we decide otherwise).

Barone, G., and S. Mocetti, "Intergenerational mobility in the very long run: Florence 1427-2011," Review of Economic Studies, vol. 88, no. 4 (July 2021), pp. 1863-91.

Freschi, G., "A social elevator? Occupational mobility in Italy, 1950-1970," Rivista di storia economica / Italian Review of Economic History, vol. 39, no. 2 (August 2023), pp. 131-61.

Mocetti, S., "Dynasties in professions and the role of rents and regulation: evidence from Italian pharmacies," Journal of Public Economics, v. 133, pp. 1-10.

Schizzerotto, A. and S. Marzadro, "Social Mobility in Italy since the Beginning of the Twentieth Century," Rivista di politica economica, vol. 98, no. 5 (Sept-Oct. 2008), pp.5-40.

Acciari P., A. Polo, and G. Violante, "And Yet It Moves: Intergenerational Mobility in Italy," American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, vol. 14, no. 3 (2022), pp. 118-63.

Guell, M., M. Pellizzari, G. Pica, and J. V. Rodriguez-Mora, "Correlating Social Mobility and Economic Outcomes," Economic Journal, vol. 128 (July, 2018), pp. 353-403.

Di Nino, V., B. Eichengreen, and M. Sbraccia, "Real Exchange Rates, Trade, and Growth," Ch. 13 in Oxford Handbook, pp. 351-77.

Esteves, R., and D. Khoudour-Casteras, "A Fantastic Rain of Gold: European Migrants' Remittances and Balance of Payments Adjustment during the Gold Standard Period," JEH v. 69 n. 4 (2009), pp. 951-85.

Faini, R., and A. Venturini, "Italian Emigration in the Pre-War Period," in Migration and the International Labour Market 1850-1936, T. Hatton and J.G. Williamson, eds. (London: Routledge, 1994), pp. 72-90.

Federico, G. and N. Wolf, "A Long-Run Perspective on Comparative Advantage," Ch. 12 in Oxford Handbook, pp. 327-50.

Federico, G., and A. Tena, "Was Italy a Protectionist Country?" EREH v. 2 (1998), pp. 73-97.

Felice, E., "Falling Behind in Globalization: Southern Italy in the Liberal Age," Rivista di Storia Economica, vol. 34, no. 3 (Dec. 2018), pp. 257-91.

Fenoaltea, S., "International Resource Flows and Construction Movements in the Atlantic Economy: The Kuznets Cycle in Italy, 1861-1913," JEH v. 48 n. 3 (1988), pp. 605-37.

Fenoaltea, S., "Protection and Migration," Ch. 4 in The Reinterpretation of Italian Economic History. From Unification to the Great War, S. Fenoaltea (Cambridge: CUP, 2011), pp. 135-166.

Gomellini, M. and C. O'Grada, "Migrations" Ch. 10 in Oxford Handbook, pp. 271-302.

Hatton, T. and J. G. Williamson, "Segmented Markets, Multiple Destinations: Italian Experience," in The Age of Mass Migration: Causes and Economic Impact (Oxford: OUP, 1998), pp. 95-122.

Acemoglu, D., G. De Feo, G. De Luca, and G. Russo, "War, Socialism and the Rise of Fascism: An Empirical Exploration," Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol. 137, no. 2 (May 2022), pp. 1233-96.

Amatori, F., "Entrepreneurial typologies in the history of industrial Italy (1880-1960): a review article," Business History Review, v. 54 (1980), pp. 359-386.

Carillo, M., "Agricultural Policy and Long-run Development: Evidence from Mussolini's Battle for Grain," Economic Journal, vol. 131, no. 634 (Feb. 2021), pp. 566-97.

Carillo, M., "Fascistville: Mussolini's new towns and the persistence of neo‐fascism," Journal of Economic Growth, vol. 27 (2022), pp. 527-67.

Cohen, J., "Was Italian fascism a developmental dictatorship? Some evidence to the contrary," Economic History Review, v. 41 (1988), pp. 95-113.

De Felice, R. Fascism : an informal introduction to its theory and practice. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books, 1976. Also available in Oxford in Italian, as Intervista sul fascismo. In general the reading list ignores classics in favour of recent contributions, but I don't feel entirely comfortable with this approach. Here is a brief, accessible introduction to the debate and the work of De Felice, perhaps its most important figure.

Federico G., R. Giannetti, and P. Toninelli, "Size and strategies of Italian industrial enterprises (1907-1940). Empirical evidence and some conjectures," Industrial and Corporate Change, v. 3 (1994), pp. 491-512.

Gabbuti, G. "When We Were Worse Off. The Economy, Living Standards, and Inequality in Fascist Italy," Rivista di storia economica, vol. 26, no. 3 (Dec. 2020), pp. 253-98. This is a special issue of the Rivista devoted to the economy under fascism.

Giordano, C. and F. Giugliano, "A Tale of Two Fascisms: Labour Productivity Growth and Competition Policy in Italy, 1911-1951," Explorations in Economic History, v. 55 (2015), pp. 25-38.

Giordano, C., G. Piga, and G. Trovato, "Italy's Industrial Great Depression: Fascist Price and Wage Policies," Macroeconomic Dynamics, v. 18 (2014), pp. 689-720.

Martinelli, P., "Latifundia revisited: Market power, land inequality and agricultural efficiency. Evidence from interwar Italian agriculture," Explorations in Economic History, vol. 54 (2014), pp. 79-106.

Morgan, P., "'The Party is Everywhere': The Italian Fascist Party in Economic Life, 1926-40," English Historical Review, (Feb. 1999).

Riley, D. "Civic Associations and Authoritarian Regimes in Interwar Europe: Italy and Spain in Comparative Perspective," American Sociological Review, v. 70 n. 2 (2005), pp. 288-310. Riley also has a 2010 book: The Civic Foundations of Fascism in Interwar Europe: Italy, Spain, and Romania, 1870-1945.

Rogowski, R. Commerce and Coalitions. How Trade Affects Domestic Political Alignments. Chs. 1, 3. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1989.

Sarti, R., "Fascism and the Industrial Leadership in Italy before the March on Rome," Industrial and Labor Relations Review, vol. 21 no. 3 (1968), pp. 400-17. Like De Felice, another "classic", best known for the book Fascism and the Industrial Leadership in Italy, 1919-1940: A Study in the Expansion of Private Power under Fascism. Berkeley: U. of California Press, 1971.

Wellhofer, E. S., "Democracy and Fascism: Class, Civil Society, and Rational Choice in Italy," American Political Science Review, v. 97 n. 1 (2003), pp. 91-106.

Zamagni, V. The Economic History of Italy 1860-1990, Oxford: Oxford UP, 1993. Chapters7-10, pp. 209-320.

Acemoglu, D., G. De Feo, and G.D. De Luca, "Weak States: Causes and Consequences of the Sicilian Mafia," Review of Economic Studies vol. 87 (2020), pp. 537-81.

Bandiera, Oriana, "Land Reform, the Market for Protection, and the Origins of the Sicilian Mafia: Theory and Evidence," Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization, vol. 19 no. 1 (2003), pp. 218-44.

Buonanno, Paolo, Ruben Durante, Giovanni Prarolo and Paolo Vanin, "Poor Institutions, Rich Mines: Resource Curse in the Origins of the Sicilian Mafia," Economic Journal, vol. 125 (Aug. 2015), pp. 175-202.

Dimico, Arcangelo, Alessia Isopi, and Ola Olsson, "Origins of the Sicilian Mafia: The Market for Lemons," Journal of Economic History, vol. 77, no. 4 (Dec. 2017), pp. 1083-115.

Andini, C. and M. Andini, "Social capital and growth: causal evidence from Italian municipalities," Journal of Economic Growth, vol. 19 (2019), pp. 619-53.

Bigoni, Maria, Stefania Bortolotti, Marco Casari, and Diego Gambetta, "At the Root of the North-South Cooperation Gap in Italy: Preferences or Beliefs?" Economic Journal, forthcoming. This is experimental, rather than historical work.

Cappelli, G., "The missing link? Trust, cooperative norms, and industrial growth in Italy," Journal of Interdisciplinary History, v. 47 (2017), pp. 333-58.

Ferragina, E. "The socio-economic determinants of social capital and the mediating effect of history: Making Democracy Work revisited," International Journal of Comparative Sociology, vol. 54, no. 1 (2013), pp. 48-73.

Galassi, F. L., "Measuring Social Capital: Culture as an Explanation of Italy's Economic Dualism," European Review of Economic History, v. 5 (2001), pp. 29-59.

Grew, R. "Finding Social Capital: The French Revolution in Italy," Journal of Interdisciplinary History, v. 29, no. 3 (Winter 1999), pp. 407-33.

Guiso, L., and P. Pinotti, "Democratization and Civic Capital," Ch. 11 in The Oxford Handbook of the Italian Economy since Unification, pp. 303-23.

Guiso, L., P. Sapienza, and L. Zingales, "Long-term persistence," Journal of the European Economic Association, v. 14 n. 6 (2016), pp. 1401-36.

Putnam, R. Making Democracy Work. Civic Traditions in Modern Italy. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1993. To my knowledge, Putnam did not publish his work on Italy in journal articles, but only in this book form. It is too much to read for our purposes, but to important not to put on the list.

Riley, D. "Civic Associations and Authoritarian Regimes in Interwar Europe: Italy and Spain in Comparative Perspective," American Sociological Review, v. 70 n. 2 (2005), pp. 288-310. There is also "Bowling for Hitler" by Hans-Joachim Voth et al.

We have already discussed a number of themes with obvious geographic implications: social capital, organised crime, market integration, long-run persistence, etc. In those cases, we had regions or provinces or cities as units of observation, carriers of data. We did not think about them as physical places located in space, in relation to one another, endowed with imperfectly mobile resources or specific natural characteristics. Market access is a fundamental concept in new economic geography, but is probably overrepresented among these readings.

A'Hearn, Brian and Anthony Venables, 'Regional Disparities: Internal Geography and External Trade," Ch. 21 in Oxford Handbook, pp. 599-630.

--- , and Valeria Rueda, "Internal Borders and Population Geography in the Unification of Italy," CEPR discussion paper, no. DP14604, (2020).

Bosker, M., S. Brakman, H. Garretsen, H. De Jong, and M. Schramm, "Ports, Plagues, and Politics: Explaining Italian City Growth, 1300-1861," European Review of Economic History, vol. 12 (2008), pp. 97-131.

Curtis, Daniel, "Is there an 'agro-town' model for Southern Italy? Exploring the diverse roots and development of the agro-town structure through a comparative case study in Apulia," Continuity and Change, vol. 28, no. 3 (2013), pp. 377-419. I haven't read this but it looks very interesting.

Daniele, Vittorio, Paolo Malanima, and Nicola Ostuni, "Geography, market potential and industrialization in Italy 1871-2001," Papers in Regional Science, vol. 97, no. 3 (2018), pp. 639-63.

Felice, Emanuele, and Amedeo Lepore, "State intervention and economic growth in Southern Italy: the rise and fall of the 'Cassa per il Mezzogiorno' (1950-1986)," Business History, vol. 59, no. 3 (2017), pp. 319-41.

Fenoaltea, Stefano, "Railways," and "North and South," Chs. 5-6 in The Reinterpretation of Italian Economic History. pp. 167-240.

Galassi, F. L., "From Drought to Flood: Environmental Constraints and the Political Economy of Civic Virtue," University of Warwick Economic Research Paper n. 643 (2002).

Iuzzolino, G., G. Pellegrini, and G. Viesti, "Regional Convergence," Ch. 20 in Oxford Handbook, pp. 571-98.

Martinelli, Pablo, "Von Thünen south of the Alps: access to markets and interwar Italian agriculture," European Review of Economic History, vol. 18 (2014), pp. 107-43.

Missiaia, Anna, "Market versus endowment: explaining early industrial location in Italy (1871-1911)," Cliometrica, vol. 13 (2019), pp. 127-61.

--- , "One market fits all? Market access and the origins of the Italian north-south divide," Regional Studies, Regional Science, vol. 6, no. 1 (2019), pp. 92-100. Note this is quite a short piece, really a companion to the other article listed here.

Pontarollo, Nicola, and Roberto Ricciuti, " Railways and the Productivity Gap in Italy: Persistence and Divergence after Unification," CES-IFO working paper, no. 5438 (2015).

Percoco, Marco, "The Fight Against Disease: Malaria and Economic Development in Italian Regions," Economic Geography, vol. 82 no. 2 (2013), pp. 105-25.

Ramazzotti, Andrea, "Population and Transport in Italy since 1861: Hierarchies, Dynamics, Growth," MPhil dissertation, University of Oxford, 2018. Available from me if not online. You could read either the part on city growth or the part on the impact of the railways.

Bartoletto, S., B. Chiarini, E. Marzano, and P. Piselli, "Business Cycles, Credit Cycles, and Bank Holdings of Sovereign Bonds: Historical Evidence for Italy 1861-2013," Banca d'Italia Quaderni di Storia Economica, no. 43 (Nov. 2017).

Battilossi, S., "Did Governance Fail Universal Banks? Moral Hazard, Risk Taking, and Banking Crises in Interwar Italy," Economic History Review, v. 62 n.S1 (2009), pp. 101-34.

Battilossi, S., A. Gigliobianco, and G. Marinelli, "Resource Allocation by the Banking System," Ch. 17 in Oxford Handbook, pp. 485-515.

Carnevali, F., "Italy's Alternative Model of Industrialization," Ch. 5 in Europe's Advantage: Banks and Small Firms in Britain, France, Germany, and Italy since 1918, F. Carnevali. (Oxford: OUP, 2005), pp. 66-82.

De Bonis, Riccardo, Giuseppe Marinelli, Francesco Vercelli, "Playing yo-yo with bank competition: New evidence from 1890 to 2014," Explorations in Economic History, vol. 67 (2018), pp. 134-51.

Guiso, Luigi, Paola Sapienza, and Luigi Zingales, "Does Local Financial Development Matter?" Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol. 119, no. 3 (Aug., 2004), pp. 929-969

Polsi, A., "The early development of universal banking in Italy in an adverse institutional context," Ch. 5 in The Origins of National Financial Systems. Alexander Gerschenkron Reconsidered, D. Forsyth and D. Verdier, eds. (London: Routledge, 2003), pp. 105-116.

Vasta, M., C. Drago, R. Ricciuti, and A. Rinaldi, "Reassessing the bank-industry relationship in Italy, 1913-1936: a counterfactual analysis," Cliometrica v. 11 n. 2 (2017), pp. 183-216.

Zamagni, Vera. An Economic History of Italy. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993. Zamagni has full chapters on banking in the Liberal and Interwar periods, and sections of chapters for the post WWII period. Useful general foundation or background material.

Long run analyses

Bartoletto, Silvana, Bruno Chiarini, and Elisabetta Marzano, "The Sustainability of Fiscal Policy in Italy (1861-2012)," Economia Politica, vol. 21, no. 3 (Dec. 2014), pp. 301-27.

Clementi, Fabio, Marco Gallegati, and Mauro Gallegati, "Growth and Cycles of the Italian Economy Since 1861: The New Evidence," Italian Economic Journal, vol. 1 (2015), pp. 25-59.

Daniele, Vittorio, Pasquale Foresti, and Oreste Napolitano, "The stability of money demand in the long-run: Italy 1861-2011," Cliometrica, vol. 11 (2017), pp. 217-44.

Garofalo, Paolo, "Exchange Rate Regimes and Economic Performance: The Italian Experience," Quaderni dell'Ufficio Ricerche Storiche, no. 10 (Sept. 2005).

Giordano, Claire, and Francesco Zollino, "Long-run Factor Accumulation and Productivity Trends in Italy," Journal of Economic Surveys, forthcoming (2021).

Pistoresi, Barbara and Alberto Rinaldi, "Exports, imports and growth New evidence on Italy: 1863-2004," Explorations in Economic History, vol. 49 (2012), pp. 241-54. 'Exports were not the only or the main driver of economic growth.'

The Great Depression

Asselain, Jean-Charles, and Alain Plessis, "Exchange-Rate Policy and Macroeconomic Performance: A Comparison of French and Italian Experience Between the Wars," in Banking, Currency, and Finance in Europe Between the Wars, Charles Feinstein, ed. (Oxford: OUP, 1995).

Giordano, Claire, Gustavo Piga, and Giovanni Trovato, "Italy's Industrial Great Depression: Fascist Price and Wage Policies," Macroeconomic Dynamics, vol. 18 (2014), pp. 689-720.

Mattesini, Fabrizio, and Beniamino Quintieri, "Italy and the Great Depression: An Analysis of the Italian Economy, 1929-1936," Explorations in Economic History, vol. 34 (1997), pp. 265-94.

--- , "Does a reduction in the length of the working week reduce unemployment? Some evidence from the Italian economy during the Great Depression," Explorations in Economic History, vol. 43 (2006), pp. 413-37.

The Gold Standard Period

Tattara, Giuseppe, "Paper money but a gold debt: Italy on the gold standard," Explorations in Economic History, vol. 40, no. 2 (2003), pp. 122-42.

Cesarano, Filippo, Giulio Cifarelli, and Gianni Toniolo, "Exchange Rate Regimes and Reserve Policy: The Italian Lira, 1883-1911," Open Economies Review, vol. 23 (2012), pp. 253-75.

Gianfreda, Giuseppina, and Fabrizio Mattesini, "Adverse clearings in a monetary system with multiple note issuers: the case of Italy (1861-1893)," Cliometrica, vol. 9 (2015), pp. 1-25.

Timini, Jacopo, "Currency unions and heterogeneous trade effects: the case of the Latin Monetary Union," European Review of Economic History, vol. 22 (2018), pp. 322-48. This paper focuses on trade flows, hence doesn't fit perfectly under the rubric of 'macroeconomic history', perhaps. But it has an up-to-date bibliography including for example the works of Flandreau and of Einaudi (Luca, not Luigi) on the LMU. So it's a useful starting point.

Post-1945

Rossi, Nicola, and Gianni Toniolo, "Italy," ch. 14 in Economic Growth in Europe since 1945, Nicholas Crafts and Gianni Toniolo, eds. (Cambridge: CUP, 1996), pp. 427-54.