Some Practical
Tips:
- Apply a consistent style throughout your bibliography
- Save and print a copy of a web page locally. It is in your interest to do
so in case you need to prove a source after it has changed or moved. This also
applies to Emails, Usenet postings etc.
- You must obtain a sender's permission to quote an electronic message,
especially if you quote their email address. Otherwise, you risk breaking both
Data Protection and Copyright regulations. Many documents appear in several
places on the Internet. Only cite those you have actually accessed, including
the date of your last access. If there is a choice then choose the one likely
to be the most stable and long-lasting.
(As an example of this, you might like to search for the following
ubiquitous article: 'A Brief Citation Guide for Internet Sources in History and
the Humanities' by Melvin E. Page. How many different places can you locate
this in? And which would you cite?)
- Electronic sources rarely have a consistent formatting or page numbering
scheme. Try to be as specific as possible if quoting from a lengthy resource.
(Some versions of APA style nominate that you cite the total number of
paragraphs and the paragraph number of a specific reference.)
- Author of the document? Many Web documents do give an author. If this is
not explicit you may find the information in the header of the HTML encoded
text. You can view this by choosing the option to View Page Source in Netscape
and View Source in Internet Explorer.
- If you cannot identify the author(s), use the name of the organisation
responsible for the source (e.g. CTI Centre for Textual Studies, Loch Ness
Productions, Glasgow University).
- The title of a document? The title of a web page will normally be the main
heading on the page, or in the blue strip at the top of the screen. Always cite
the date you last accessed a source being cited. This is essential if a
document is likely to be revised or to move or indeed to disappear from a site.
For emails or newsgroups use the posting date to allow tracing of message
through archives.
- In Internet addresses punctuation is obviously important and the
punctuation marks in and around a bibliographic citation may confuse the
reader, hence the common convention of using < and > to delineate the
start and end of a URL. Try not to introduce line breaks into citations.
Placing the URL on a new line avoids confusion about whether breaking hyphens
are part of the URL. If this is impossible, break the URL right before a
punctuation mark, carrying the punctuation symbol to the next line.
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